PMID- 12181587
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030409
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0340-1200 (Print)
IS  - 0340-1200 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 2
DP  - 2002 Aug
TI  - Schema design and implementation of the grasp-related mirror neuron system.
PG  - 116-40
AB  - Mirror neurons within a monkey's premotor area F5 fire not only when the monkey 
      performs a certain class of actions but also when the monkey observes another 
      monkey (or the experimenter) perform a similar action. It has thus been argued 
      that these neurons are crucial for understanding of actions by others. We offer 
      the hand-state hypothesis as a new explanation of the evolution of this 
      capability: the basic functionality of the F5 mirror system is to elaborate the 
      appropriate feedback - what we call the hand state - for opposition-space based 
      control of manual grasping of an object. Given this functionality, the social 
      role of the F5 mirror system in understanding the actions of others may be seen 
      as an exaptation gained by generalizing from one's own hand to an other's hand. 
      In other words, mirror neurons first evolved to augment the "canonical" F5 
      neurons (active during self-movement based on observation of an object) by 
      providing visual feedback on "hand state," relating the shape of the hand to the 
      shape of the object. We then introduce the MNS1 (mirror neuron system 1) model of 
      F5 and related brain regions. The existing Fagg-Arbib-Rizzolatti-Sakata model 
      represents circuitry for visually guided grasping of objects, linking the 
      anterior intraparietal area (AIP) with F5 canonical neurons. The MNS1 model 
      extends the AIP visual pathway by also modeling pathways, directed toward F5 
      mirror neurons, which match arm-hand trajectories to the affordances and location 
      of a potential target object. We present the basic schemas for the MNS1 model, 
      then aggregate them into three "grand schemas" - visual analysis of hand state, 
      reach and grasp, and the core mirror circuit - for each of which we present a 
      useful implementation (a non-neural visual processing system, a multijoint 3-D 
      kinematics simulator, and a learning neural network, respectively). With this 
      implementation we show how the mirror system may learn to recognize actions 
      already in the repertoire of the F5 canonical neurons. We show that the 
      connectivity pattern of mirror neuron circuitry can be established through 
      training, and that the resultant network can exhibit a range of novel, 
      physiologically interesting behaviors during the process of action recognition. 
      We train the system on the basis of final grasp but then observe the whole time 
      course of mirror neuron activity, yielding predictions for neurophysiological 
      experiments under conditions of spatial perturbation, altered kinematics, and 
      ambiguous grasp execution which highlight the importance of the timing of mirror 
      neuron activity.
FAU - Oztop, Erhan
AU  - Oztop E
AD  - USC Brain Project, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2520, 
      USA.
FAU - Arbib, Michael A
AU  - Arbib MA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Germany
TA  - Biol Cybern
JT  - Biological cybernetics
JID - 7502533
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
MH  - *Brain Mapping
MH  - Feedback
MH  - Hand/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Macaca/physiology
MH  - *Models, Neurological
MH  - Motor Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Neurons/physiology
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Visual Perception/*physiology
EDAT- 2002/08/16 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/10 05:00
CRDT- 2002/08/16 10:00
PHST- 2002/08/16 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/04/10 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/08/16 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00422-002-0318-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Cybern. 2002 Aug;87(2):116-40. doi: 10.1007/s00422-002-0318-1.