PMID- 12183495
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030214
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 8750-7587 (Print)
IS  - 0161-7567 (Linking)
VI  - 93
IP  - 3
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance 
      performance.
PG  - 990-9
AB  - Competitive athletes completed two studies of 2-h steady-state (SS) cycling at 
      70% peak O(2) uptake followed by 7 kJ/kg time trial (TT) with carbohydrate (CHO) 
      intake before (2 g/kg) and during (6% CHO drink) exercise. In Study A, 12 
      subjects received either 6 mg/kg caffeine 1 h preexercise (Precaf), 6 x 1 mg/kg 
      caffeine every 20 min throughout SS (Durcaf), 2 x 5 ml/kg Coca-Cola between 100 
      and 120 min SS and during TT (Coke), or placebo. Improvements in TT were as 
      follows: Precaf, 3.4% (0.2-6.5%, 95% confidence interval); Durcaf, 3.1% 
      (-0.1-6.5%); and Coke, 3.1% (-0.2-6.2%). In Study B, eight subjects received 3 x 
      5 ml/kg of different cola drinks during the last 40 min of SS and TT: 
      decaffeinated, 6% CHO (control); caffeinated, 6% CHO; decaffeinated, 11% CHO; and 
      caffeinated, 11% CHO (Coke). Coke enhanced TT by 3.3% (0.8-5.9%), with all trials 
      showing 2.2% TT enhancement (0.5-3.8%; P < 0.05) due to caffeine. Overall, 1) 6 
      mg/kg caffeine enhanced TT performance independent of timing of intake and 2) 
      replacing sports drink with Coca-Cola during the latter stages of exercise was 
      equally effective in enhancing endurance performance, primarily due to low intake 
      of caffeine (approximately 1.5 mg/kg).
FAU - Cox, Gregory R
AU  - Cox GR
AD  - Sports Science and Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, 
      Australian Capital Territory 2616, Australia.
FAU - Desbrow, Ben
AU  - Desbrow B
FAU - Montgomery, Paul G
AU  - Montgomery PG
FAU - Anderson, Megan E
AU  - Anderson ME
FAU - Bruce, Clinton R
AU  - Bruce CR
FAU - Macrides, Theodore A
AU  - Macrides TA
FAU - Martin, David T
AU  - Martin DT
FAU - Moquin, Angela
AU  - Moquin A
FAU - Roberts, Alan
AU  - Roberts A
FAU - Hawley, John A
AU  - Hawley JA
FAU - Burke, Louise M
AU  - Burke LM
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Controlled Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Appl Physiol (1985)
JT  - Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
JID - 8502536
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Beverages
MH  - Bicycling/physiology
MH  - Blood/metabolism
MH  - Caffeine/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology/urine
MH  - *Carbohydrate Metabolism
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*administration & 
      dosage/blood/pharmacology/urine
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Drinking
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Physical Endurance/*drug effects
MH  - Physical Exertion
MH  - Pulmonary Gas Exchange/drug effects
MH  - Respiration/drug effects
MH  - Self Concept
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/15 04:00
CRDT- 2002/08/17 10:00
PHST- 2002/08/17 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/02/15 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/08/17 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00249.2002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Sep;93(3):990-9. doi: 
      10.1152/japplphysiol.00249.2002.