PMID- 12211882
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20021016
LR  - 20170214
IS  - 0706-7437 (Print)
IS  - 0706-7437 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 6
DP  - 2002 Aug
TI  - Ecstasy and drug consumption patterns: a Canadian rave population study.
PG  - 546-51
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the drug consumption patterns of a sample of 
      rave attendees in the city of Montreal, Quebec, and seeks to identify the 
      prevalence of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other drug use in this 
      population. METHOD: We administered a self-report questionnaire to 210 
      respondents. For various licit and illicit substances, participants reported 
      their age of first use, number of lifetime uses, and usage in the previous 30 
      days. RESULTS: We found a significant rank order for the sequence of first use: 
      1) alcohol, 2) nicotine, 3) cannabis, 4) LSD, 5) psilocybin, 6) amphetamine, 7) 
      cocaine, 8) MDMA, 9) gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 10) ephedrine, 11) ketamine. 
      Alcohol and cannabis were the most commonly used substances, both in cumulative 
      number of lifetime uses and in usage in the preceding 30 days. MDMA and 
      amphetamine were also notable as the next 2 most popular drugs for use in the 
      preceding 30 days and in terms of those who had tried the drugs at least once. We 
      identified a progressive rank order of experimentation, with early alcohol or 
      cannabis use (or both) associated with the early use of all other drugs tried by 
      more than 25% of the sample. We found MDMA and amphetamine use to be prevalent, 
      as was general experimentation with all drugs studied, other than heroin. 
      CONCLUSION: Drug consumption levels were substantial in this "rave" population, 
      particularly with respect to recent use of MDMA, amphetamine, cannabis, and 
      alcohol. Results also indicate that the sequence of drug experimentation in this 
      population follows an identifiable pattern.
FAU - Gross, Samantha R
AU  - Gross SR
AD  - National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK.
FAU - Barrett, Sean P
AU  - Barrett SP
FAU - Shestowsky, John S
AU  - Shestowsky JS
FAU - Pihl, Robert O
AU  - Pihl RO
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Can J Psychiatry
JT  - Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie
JID - 7904187
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Canada/epidemiology
MH  - Drug Administration Schedule
MH  - Hallucinogens/*administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Preventive Health Services
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Self Administration
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology/prevention & control
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
EDAT- 2002/09/06 10:00
MHDA- 2002/10/17 04:00
CRDT- 2002/09/06 10:00
PHST- 2002/09/06 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/10/17 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/09/06 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1177/070674370204700606 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;47(6):546-51. doi: 10.1177/070674370204700606.