PMID- 12213768
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20021025
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1088-9051 (Print)
IS  - 1088-9051 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Four-hundred million years of conserved synteny of human Xp and Xq genes on three 
      Tetraodon chromosomes.
PG  - 1316-22
AB  - The freshwater pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis (TNI) has become highly 
      attractive as a compact reference vertebrate genome for gene finding and 
      validation. We have mapped genes, which are more or less evenly spaced on the 
      human chromosomes 9 and X, on Tetraodon chromosomes using fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH), to establish syntenic relationships between Tetraodon and 
      other key vertebrate genomes. PufferFISH revealed that the human X is an 
      orthologous mosaic of three Tetraodon chromosomes. More than 350 million years 
      ago, an ancestral vertebrate autosome shared orthologous Xp and Xq genes with 
      Tetraodon chromosomes 1 and 7. The shuffled order of Xp and Xq orthologs on their 
      syntenic Tetraodon chromosomes can be explained by the prevalence of evolutionary 
      inversions. The Tetraodon 2 orthologous genes are clustered in human Xp11 and 
      represent a recent addition to the eutherian X sex chromosome. The human 
      chromosome 9 and the avian Z sex chromosome show a much lower degree of synteny 
      conservation in the pufferfish than the human X chromosome. We propose that a 
      special selection process during vertebrate evolution has shaped a highly 
      conserved array(s) of X-linked genes long before the X was used as a mammalian 
      sex chromosome and many X chromosomal genes were recruited for reproduction 
      and/or the development of cognitive abilities. [Sequence data reported in this 
      paper have been deposited in GenBank and assigned the following accession no: 
      AJ308098.]
FAU - Grutzner, Frank
AU  - Grutzner F
AD  - Comparative Genomics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian 
      National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
FAU - Roest Crollius, Hugues
AU  - Roest Crollius H
FAU - Lutjens, Gotz
AU  - Lutjens G
FAU - Jaillon, Olivier
AU  - Jaillon O
FAU - Weissenbach, Jean
AU  - Weissenbach J
FAU - Ropers, Hans-Hilger
AU  - Ropers HH
FAU - Haaf, Thomas
AU  - Haaf T
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AJ308098
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JT  - Genome research
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chickens/genetics
MH  - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
MH  - Conserved Sequence/*genetics
MH  - DNA/genetics
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genes/*genetics
MH  - Genetic Markers/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Synteny/*genetics
MH  - Tetraodontiformes/*genetics
MH  - X Chromosome/*genetics
PMC - PMC186653
EDAT- 2002/09/06 10:00
MHDA- 2002/10/31 04:00
PMCR- 2003/03/01
CRDT- 2002/09/06 10:00
PHST- 2002/09/06 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/10/31 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/09/06 10:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2003/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - GR-2224RR [pii]
AID - 10.1101/gr.222402 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res. 2002 Sep;12(9):1316-22. doi: 10.1101/gr.222402.