PMID- 12242612
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030416
LR  - 20121115
IS  - 0340-5761 (Print)
IS  - 0340-5761 (Linking)
VI  - 76
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Respiratory hypersensitivity to trimellitic anhydride in Brown Norway rats: 
      evidence for different activation pattern of immune cells following topical and 
      respiratory induction.
PG  - 538-44
AB  - The elicitation of respiratory allergy in animal models is exquisitely complex 
      and interpretation of results from different laboratories cannot readily be 
      compared due to variability in testing protocols, biomarkers and techniques used 
      to identify 'positive' responses. On the one hand, guinea-pigs have been proposed 
      as a good model with which to study allergic and irritant bronchial 
      hyperresponsiveness. On the other hand, considerable efforts have been made to 
      develop animal models that take the immunological mechanisms into account to 
      reduce the complexity as well as duration of the guinea-pig assays. In principle, 
      local skin reactions can easily be determined by the local lymph node assay 
      (LLNA) introduced by Kimber and Weisenberger. In contrast to lung sensitization 
      there are already simplified and reliable models available to test for and 
      discriminate contact sensitizers from skin irritants, i.e. the modified local 
      lymph node assay IMDS (integrated model for the differentiation of skin 
      reactions). Modifications of this assay verified that methods other than 
      radioactive labelling may be comparably sensitive, and that it is possible to 
      eliminate 'false positive' results induced by irritants (IMDS). Thus, we asked 
      whether there could be a similar simplified model like the modified LLNA or IMDS 
      for investigations of respiratory allergens. Therefore, we analysed immune 
      reactions induced by the dermal and respiratory route, respectively. Analyses of 
      the draining lymph nodes of the lung and the ear were carried out before and 
      after challenge via the pulmonary tract. The results clearly support that (1) the 
      reactions in the lung draining lymph nodes could be used as early indicators of 
      respiratory sensitization, and (2) the specificity of the immune competent cells 
      seem to be dependent of the route of administration during induction.
FAU - Vohr, H-W
AU  - Vohr HW
AD  - Institute of Toxicology, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany. 
      hans-werner.vohr.hv@bayer-ag.de
FAU - Pauluhn, J
AU  - Pauluhn J
FAU - Ahr, H J
AU  - Ahr HJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020712
PL  - Germany
TA  - Arch Toxicol
JT  - Archives of toxicology
JID - 0417615
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Phthalic Anhydrides)
RN  - 80T61EUU7H (trimellitic anhydride)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - Administration, Topical
MH  - Aerosols
MH  - Allergens/*toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology/*immunology
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Cell Count
MH  - Ear, External/cytology
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Lymph Nodes/cytology/*immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Phthalic Anhydrides/*toxicity
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred BN
MH  - Respiratory Hypersensitivity/*immunology/pathology
MH  - Respiratory Mechanics/physiology
EDAT- 2002/09/21 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/17 05:00
CRDT- 2002/09/21 10:00
PHST- 2002/03/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/09/21 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/04/17 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/09/21 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00204-002-0374-2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Toxicol. 2002 Sep;76(9):538-44. doi: 10.1007/s00204-002-0374-2. Epub 2002 
      Jul 12.