PMID- 12377103 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20021220 LR - 20220318 IS - 1471-230X (Electronic) IS - 1471-230X (Linking) VI - 2 DP - 2002 Oct 11 TI - Expression of cytokine and chemokine mRNA and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by gallbladder epithelial cells: response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. PG - 23 AB - BACKGROUND: In addition to immune cells, many other cell types are known to produce cytokines. Cultured normal mouse gallbladder epithelial cells, used as a model system for gallbladder epithelium, were examined for their ability to express the mRNA of various cytokines and chemokines in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The synthesis and secretion of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) protein by these cells was also measured. RESULTS: Untreated mouse gallbladder cells expressed mRNA for TNF-alpha, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). Upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide, these cells now produced mRNA for Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and showed increased expression of TNF-alpha and MIP-2 mRNA. Untreated mouse gallbladder cells did not synthesize TNF-alpha protein; however, they did synthesize and secrete TNF-alpha upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide. METHODS: Cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides from 3 strains of bacteria. Qualitative and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, using cytokine or chemokine-specific primers, was used to measure mRNA levels of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, KC, RANTES, MCP-1, and MIP-2. TNF-alpha protein was measured by immunoassays. CONCLUSION: This research demonstrates that gallbladder epithelial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide exposure can alter their cytokine and chemokine RNA expression pattern and can synthesize and secrete TNFalpha protein. This suggests a mechanism whereby gallbladder epithelial cells in vivo may mediate gallbladder secretory function, inflammation and diseases in an autocrine/paracrine fashion by producing and secreting cytokines and/or chemokines during sepsis. FAU - Savard, Christopher E AU - Savard CE AD - Department of Medicine, University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA. FAU - Blinman, Thane A AU - Blinman TA FAU - Choi, Ho-Soon AU - Choi HS FAU - Lee, Sung-Koo AU - Lee SK FAU - Pandol, Stephen J AU - Pandol SJ FAU - Lee, Sum P AU - Lee SP LA - eng GR - R01 DK050246/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DEP - 20021011 PL - England TA - BMC Gastroenterol JT - BMC gastroenterology JID - 100968547 RN - 0 (Chemokines) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chemokines/*biosynthesis/genetics MH - Cytokines/*biosynthesis/genetics MH - Densitometry MH - Epithelial Cells/drug effects/*metabolism MH - Fibroblasts/cytology MH - Gallbladder/*cytology/*drug effects MH - Humans MH - Immunoassay MH - Lipopolysaccharides/*pharmacology MH - Mice MH - RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis/genetics MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/*metabolism PMC - PMC130965 EDAT- 2002/10/16 04:00 MHDA- 2002/12/21 04:00 PMCR- 2002/10/11 CRDT- 2002/10/16 04:00 PHST- 2002/08/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2002/10/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2002/10/16 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/12/21 04:00 [medline] PHST- 2002/10/16 04:00 [entrez] PHST- 2002/10/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1471-230X-2-23 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1471-230x-2-23 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - BMC Gastroenterol. 2002 Oct 11;2:23. doi: 10.1186/1471-230x-2-23. Epub 2002 Oct 11.