PMID- 12423006
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030401
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0146-4760 (Print)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 7
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - A field evaluation of five on-site drug-testing devices.
PG  - 493-9
AB  - A field study was performed at two police agencies to evaluate the utility and 
      accuracy of five on-site urine analysis drug-testing devices when used to test 
      driving under the influence (DUI) arrestees. The devices evaluated were AccuSign, 
      Rapid Drug Screen, TesTcup-5, TesTstik, and Triage. Standard workplace screening 
      cut-off concentrations were used and samples were tested for marijuana, cocaine 
      and metabolites, amphetamine(s), opiates, and PCP (except opiates 300 ng/mL). 
      Four-hundred arrestees were recruited at each site, informed consent was 
      obtained, and urine specimens were collected from each subject for analysis. 
      Police officers conducted the testing with one device, and trained technicians 
      performed testing with the other four devices. The device used by the officers 
      was rotated. All positive and 5% of the negative samples were confirmed in a 
      laboratory using mass spectrometry. Laboratory cut-off concentrations were 4 
      ng/mL for carboxy-THC; 50 ng/mL for benzoylecgonine; 100 ng/mL for amphetamines; 
      50 ng/mL for opiates; and 5 ng/mL for PCP. Approximately one-third (36%) of the 
      subjects tested positive for at least one drug. No randomly selected sample, that 
      tested negative on the devices, tested positive at the laboratory. Based on 800 
      specimens, the false-negative rate for each device was < 1% for all drug classes. 
      A false positive was defined as testing positive with the device, but the 
      specimen did not contain detectable drug, given the study reporting criteria. For 
      marijuana, benzoylecgonine, and opiates, all devices had < or = 0.25% 
      false-positive rates. For PCP, the false-positive rates were all < or = 1.5%. For 
      amphetamine(s), the false-positive rates were all < or = 1.75%. These rates were 
      adjusted because study confirmation batteries included methylenedioxyamphetamine, 
      methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), additional over-the-counter sympathomimetic 
      amines, hydromorphone, and hydrocodone. Without the expanded confirmation 
      battery, false-positive rates approached 4% (Triage) for amphetamines and were > 
      or = 2.25% for opiates. Fifty to 90% of the positive amphetamine(s) samples 
      contained MDMA. A similar percentage of the opiate-positive samples contained 
      hydromorphone or hydrocodone. When additional drugs were included in the 
      confirmation testing, it was concluded that the on-site urine analysis 
      drug-testing results were useful in DUI investigations.
FAU - Crouch, Dennis J
AU  - Crouch DJ
AD  - Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
FAU - Hersch, Rebekah K
AU  - Hersch RK
FAU - Cook, Royer F
AU  - Cook RF
FAU - Frank, James F
AU  - Frank JF
FAU - Walsh, J Michael
AU  - Walsh JM
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - J Anal Toxicol
JT  - Journal of analytical toxicology
JID - 7705085
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
SB  - IM
MH  - Automobile Driving
MH  - Clinical Laboratory Techniques
MH  - False Negative Reactions
MH  - False Positive Reactions
MH  - Forensic Medicine/*instrumentation/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*urine
MH  - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
MH  - Urinalysis/*instrumentation
EDAT- 2002/11/09 04:00
MHDA- 2003/04/02 05:00
CRDT- 2002/11/09 04:00
PHST- 2002/11/09 04:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/04/02 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/11/09 04:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/jat/26.7.493 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anal Toxicol. 2002 Oct;26(7):493-9. doi: 10.1093/jat/26.7.493.