PMID- 12472260
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030320
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0278-0062 (Print)
IS  - 0278-0062 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 8
DP  - 2002 Aug
TI  - Efficient fully 3-D iterative SPECT reconstruction with Monte Carlo-based scatter 
      compensation.
PG  - 867-77
AB  - Quantitative accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 
      images is highly dependent on the photon scatter model used for image 
      reconstruction. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is the most general method for 
      detailed modeling of scatter, but to date, fully three-dimensional (3-D) 
      MCS-based statistical SPECT reconstruction approaches have not been realized, due 
      to prohibitively long computation times and excessive computer memory 
      requirements. MCS-based reconstruction has previously been restricted to 
      two-dimensional approaches that are vastly inferior to fully 3-D reconstruction. 
      Instead of MCS, scatter calculations based on simplified but less accurate models 
      are sometimes incorporated in fully 3-D SPECT reconstruction algorithms. We 
      developed a computationally efficient fully 3-D MCS-based reconstruction 
      architecture by combining the following methods: 1) a dual matrix ordered subset 
      (DM-OS) reconstruction algorithm to accelerate the reconstruction and avoid 
      massive transition matrix precalculation and storage; 2) a stochastic photon 
      transport calculation in MCS is combined with an analytic detector modeling step 
      to reduce noise in the Monte Carlo (MC)-based reprojection after only a small 
      number of photon histories have been tracked; and 3) the number of photon 
      histories simulated is reduced by an order of magnitude in early iterations, or 
      photon histories calculated in an early iteration are reused. For a 64 x 64 x 64 
      image array, the reconstruction time required for ten DM-OS iterations is 
      approximately 30 min on a dual processor (AMD 1.4 GHz) PC, in which case the 
      stochastic nature of MCS modeling is found to have a negligible effect on noise 
      in reconstructions. Since MCS can calculate photon transport for any clinically 
      used photon energy and patient attenuation distribution, the proposed methodology 
      is expected to be useful for obtaining highly accurate quantitative SPECT images 
      within clinically acceptable computation times.
FAU - Beekman, Freek J
AU  - Beekman FJ
AD  - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical 
      Center Utrecht, Room E02.222, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The 
      Netherlands. f.beekman@azu.nl
FAU - de Jong, Hugo W A M
AU  - de Jong HW
FAU - van Geloven, Sander
AU  - van Geloven S
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - IEEE Trans Med Imaging
JT  - IEEE transactions on medical imaging
JID - 8310780
SB  - IM
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - *Computer Simulation
MH  - Image Enhancement/*methods
MH  - Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods
MH  - Monte Carlo Method
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Scattering, Radiation
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Stochastic Processes
MH  - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/*methods
EDAT- 2002/12/11 04:00
MHDA- 2003/03/21 04:00
CRDT- 2002/12/11 04:00
PHST- 2002/12/11 04:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/03/21 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/12/11 04:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1109/TMI.2002.803130 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2002 Aug;21(8):867-77. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2002.803130.