PMID- 12481920
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030206
LR  - 20191106
IS  - 0364-152X (Print)
IS  - 0364-152X (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Methods of compliance evaluation for ocean outfall design and analysis.
PG  - 536-46
AB  - Sewage discharge from an ocean outfall is subject to water quality standards, 
      which are often stated in probabilistic terms. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) has 
      been used in the past to evaluate the ability of a designed outfall to meet water 
      quality standards or compliance guidelines associated with sewage discharges. In 
      this study, simpler and less computer-intensive probabilistic methods are 
      considered. The probabilistic methods evaluated are the popular mean first-order 
      second-moment (MFOSM) and the advance first-order second-moment (AFOSM) methods. 
      Available data from the Spaniard's Bay Outfall located on the east coast of 
      New-foundland, Canada, were used as inputs for a case study. Both methods were 
      compared with results given by MCS. It was found that AFOSM gave a good 
      approximation of the failure probability for total coliform concentration at 
      points remote from the outfall. However, MFOSM was found to be better when 
      considering only the initial dilutions between the discharge point and the 
      surface. Reasons for the different results may be the difference in complexity of 
      the performance function in both cases. This study does not recommend the use of 
      AFOSM for failure analysis in ocean outfall design and analysis because the 
      analysis requires computational efforts similar to MCS. With the advancement of 
      computer technology, simulation techniques, available software, and its 
      flexibility in handling complex situations, MCS is still the best choice for 
      failure analysis of ocean outfalls when data or estimates on the parameters 
      involved are available or can be assumed.
FAU - Mukhtasor
AU  - Mukhtasor
AD  - Faculty of Ocean Technology Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, ITS 
      Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
FAU - Lye, L M
AU  - Lye LM
FAU - Sharp, J J
AU  - Sharp JJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Manage
JT  - Environmental management
JID - 7703893
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Guideline Adherence
MH  - Monte Carlo Method
MH  - Newfoundland and Labrador
MH  - *Sewage
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid
MH  - Water Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Water Pollution/prevention & control
EDAT- 2002/12/17 04:00
MHDA- 2003/02/07 04:00
CRDT- 2002/12/17 04:00
PHST- 2002/12/17 04:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/02/07 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/12/17 04:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00267-002-2642-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Manage. 2002 Oct;30(4):536-46. doi: 10.1007/s00267-002-2642-6.