PMID- 12507825 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040106 LR - 20190906 IS - 0198-8859 (Print) IS - 0198-8859 (Linking) VI - 64 IP - 1 DP - 2003 Jan TI - Gene and haplotype frequencies for the loci hLA-A, hLA-B, and hLA-DR based on over 13,000 german blood donors. PG - 137-51 AB - Numerous applications in clinical medicine and forensic sciences depend on reliable data concerning the frequencies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and haplotypes. Assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the underlying population, these frequencies can be estimated from phenotype data using an expectation-maximization-algorithm also known under the name "gene counting." We have refined this algorithm in order to cope with the heterogeneous resolution of HLA phenotypes frequently occurring in large datasets due to the structure of the HLA nomenclature. This was a prerequisite to analyze a set of 13,386 blood donors contributed by over 40 blood banks who were tested for HLA-DR when they volunteered to become marrow donors. This data set is still unique in the German national donor registry because their HLA-DR-typing was not biased by patient oriented searches or other strategies for selective typing. As a consequence of the size of the sample, the frequency estimates for the genes and the two- and three-locus haplotypes of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR are of unprecedented precision and allow interesting projections concerning the efficiency and economic aspects of the development of a large donor registry in Germany. FAU - Muller, Carlheinz R AU - Muller CR AD - Zentrales Knochenmarkspender-Register fur Deutschland, German National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Ulm, Germany. carlheinz.muller@zkrd.de FAU - Ehninger, Gerhard AU - Ehninger G FAU - Goldmann, Shraga F AU - Goldmann SF LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Hum Immunol JT - Human immunology JID - 8010936 RN - 0 (HLA-A Antigens) RN - 0 (HLA-B Antigens) RN - 0 (HLA-DR Antigens) SB - IM MH - Algorithms MH - Blood Donors MH - *Gene Frequency MH - Germany MH - HLA-A Antigens/*genetics MH - HLA-B Antigens/*genetics MH - HLA-DR Antigens/*genetics MH - Haplotypes MH - Humans MH - Living Donors MH - Phenotype MH - Registries EDAT- 2003/01/01 04:00 MHDA- 2004/01/07 05:00 CRDT- 2003/01/01 04:00 PHST- 2003/01/01 04:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/01/07 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/01/01 04:00 [entrez] AID - S0198885902007061 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00706-1 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Hum Immunol. 2003 Jan;64(1):137-51. doi: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00706-1.