PMID- 12539753
OWN - NASA
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030506
LR  - 20190916
IS  - 0273-1177 (Print)
IS  - 0273-1177 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes induced by 250 MeV protons: effects 
      of dose, dose rate and shielding.
PG  - 891-9
AB  - Although the space radiation environment consists predominantly of energetic 
      protons, astronauts inside a spacecraft are chronically exposed to both primary 
      particles as well as secondary particles that are generated when the primary 
      particles penetrate the spacecraft shielding. Secondary neutrons and secondary 
      charged particles can have an LET value that is greater than the primary protons 
      and, therefore, produce a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Using 
      the accelerator facility at Loma Linda University, we exposed human lymphocytes 
      in vitro to 250 MeV protons with doses ranging from 0 to 60 cGy at three 
      different dose rates: a low dose rate of 7.5 cGy/h, an intermediate dose rate of 
      30 cGy/h and a high dose rate of 70 cGy/min. The effect of 15 g/cm2 aluminum 
      shielding on the induction of chromosome aberrations was investigated for each 
      dose rate. After exposure, lymphocytes were incubated in growth medium containing 
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and chromosome spreads were collected using a 
      chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique. Aberrations 
      were analyzed using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with 
      three different colored chromosome-painting probes. The frequency of reciprocal 
      and complex-type chromosome exchanges were compared in shielded and unshielded 
      samples.
CI  - c2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - George, K
AU  - George K
AD  - Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
FAU - Willingham, V
AU  - Willingham V
FAU - Wu, H
AU  - Wu H
FAU - Gridley, D
AU  - Gridley D
FAU - Nelson, G
AU  - Nelson G
FAU - Cucinotta, F A
AU  - Cucinotta FA
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Adv Space Res
JT  - Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space 
      Research (COSPAR)
JID - 9878935
RN  - 0 (Protons)
RN  - CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum)
MH  - Aluminum
MH  - *Chromosome Aberrations
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
MH  - Female
MH  - Gamma Rays
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Linear Energy Transfer
MH  - Lymphocytes/*radiation effects
MH  - Particle Accelerators
MH  - *Protons
MH  - *Radiation Protection
MH  - Relative Biological Effectiveness
MH  - Spacecraft
MH  - X-Rays
OID - NASA: 00028744
OTO - NASA
OT  - NASA Center JSC
OT  - NASA Discipline Radiation Health
OT  - Non-NASA Center
FIR - Nelson, G A
IR  - Nelson GA
IRAD- Loma Linda U, CA
FIR - Cucinotta, F A
IR  - Cucinotta FA
IRAD- JSC
EDAT- 2003/01/24 04:00
MHDA- 2003/05/07 05:00
CRDT- 2003/01/24 04:00
PHST- 2003/01/24 04:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/05/07 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/01/24 04:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00406-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Space Res. 2002;30(4):891-9. doi: 10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00406-4.