PMID- 12581487
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030930
LR  - 20071115
IS  - 1079-9907 (Print)
IS  - 1079-9907 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 12
DP  - 2002 Dec
TI  - Ingested type I interferon: a potential treatment for autoimmunity.
PG  - 1153-66
AB  - We have proposed a unifying hypothesis of the etiopathogenesis of autoimmunity 
      that defines autoimmunity as a type I interferon (IFN) immunodeficiency syndrome. 
      We have examined toxicity and potential efficacy in three phase I (type 1 
      diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis) and one phase II clinical 
      trials in multiple sclerosis (MS). In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 
      diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent 
      onset patients. In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 
      with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a 
      proinflammatory cytokine. In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant 
      decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma 
      production after ingesting IFN-alpha. In a phase II randomized, 
      placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha 
      significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group 
      at month 5. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine 
      secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that 
      corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium 
      enhancements. Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials. 
      These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the 
      treatment of autoimmunity.
FAU - Brod, Staley A
AU  - Brod SA
AD  - Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of 
      Biomedical Sciences in Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at 
      Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. staley.a.brod@uth.tmc.edu
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Interferon Cytokine Res
JT  - Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the 
      International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
JID - 9507088
RN  - 0 (Interferon-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
MH  - Autoimmune Diseases/*drug therapy
MH  - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
MH  - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interferon-alpha/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
RF  - 161
EDAT- 2003/02/13 04:00
MHDA- 2003/10/01 05:00
CRDT- 2003/02/13 04:00
PHST- 2003/02/13 04:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/10/01 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/02/13 04:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1089/10799900260475669 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2002 Dec;22(12):1153-66. doi: 
      10.1089/10799900260475669.