PMID- 12600794
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030429
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1090-3801 (Print)
IS  - 1090-3801 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 2
DP  - 2003
TI  - Antinociceptive effect in mice of intraperitoneal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 
      antagonists in the formalin test.
PG  - 131-7
AB  - Although the antinociceptive effect of NMDA antagonists in the formalin test is 
      well recognised, these compounds can induce adverse motor effects. The aim of 
      this study was to identify the systemic doses of NMDA antagonists that induce 
      analgesia without causing side effects. Male Swiss mice (30-40g) received a 
      subcutaneous (sc) injection of 1.25% formalin (50 micro l) in the dorsal surface 
      of the right hind-paw and, 15min before or after formalin, an ip injection of one 
      of the following NMDA receptor antagonists: MK 801 (0.01, 0.025, and 0.05mg/kg), 
      memantine (0.1, 0.5, and 1mg/kg), ketamine (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5mg/kg), 
      dextromethorphan (5, 10, and 20mg/kg), and CGP 37849 (4, 6, and 8mg/kg). 
      Pain-related behaviour (licking, lifting, favouring, shaking, and flinching of 
      the treated paw) was recorded at 5-min intervals for 60min. The NMDA receptor 
      antagonists significantly (p<0.01) and dose-dependently reduced, versus controls, 
      nociceptive activity during the second phase of the formalin test (from the 20th 
      to the 60thmin): at the highest doses, 97.6+/-0.1% with MK 801; 90.4+/-0.2% with 
      memantine; 74.7+/-0.3% with ketamine; 92.8+/-0.4% with dextromethorphan; and 
      80.7+/-0.3% with CGP 37849, without affecting coordination. The rank order 
      potency of antinociceptive activity of NMDA antagonists was: 
      MK801>memantine>ketamine>dextromethorphan>CGP37849. The NMDA antagonists 
      administered after formalin (during the analgesic interval) did not affect the 
      late phase of the formalin test. In conclusion, systemic administration of NMDA 
      receptor antagonists decreases the nociception observed during the late phase of 
      the formalin test.
FAU - Berrino, Liberato
AU  - Berrino L
AD  - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology 'L. Donatelli', 
      Second University of Naples, via Costantinopoli 16, I-80138, Naples, Italy. 
      liberato.berrino@unina2.it
FAU - Oliva, Patrizia
AU  - Oliva P
FAU - Massimo, Francesco
AU  - Massimo F
FAU - Aurilio, Caterina
AU  - Aurilio C
FAU - Maione, Sabatino
AU  - Maione S
FAU - Grella, Antonio
AU  - Grella A
FAU - Rossi, Francesco
AU  - Rossi F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Pain
JT  - European journal of pain (London, England)
JID - 9801774
RN  - 0 (Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists)
RN  - 1HG84L3525 (Formaldehyde)
RN  - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine)
RN  - 6LR8C1B66Q (Dizocilpine Maleate)
RN  - 7355X3ROTS (Dextromethorphan)
RN  - W8O17SJF3T (Memantine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - Dextromethorphan/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dizocilpine Maleate/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/*administration & dosage
MH  - Formaldehyde/pharmacology
MH  - Injections, Intraperitoneal
MH  - Ketamine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Male
MH  - Memantine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Mice
MH  - Nociceptors/*drug effects
MH  - Pain/psychology
EDAT- 2003/02/26 04:00
MHDA- 2003/04/30 05:00
CRDT- 2003/02/26 04:00
PHST- 2003/02/26 04:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/04/30 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/02/26 04:00 [entrez]
AID - S1090-3801(02)00086-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00086-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Pain. 2003;7(2):131-7. doi: 10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00086-1.