PMID- 12628022
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20050721
LR  - 20191027
IS  - 1475-2840 (Electronic)
IS  - 1475-2840 (Linking)
VI  - 2
DP  - 2003 Feb 12
TI  - Is type 2 diabetes mellitus a vascular disease (atheroscleropathy) with 
      hyperglycemia a late manifestation? The role of NOS, NO, and redox stress.
PG  - 2
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease accounts for at least 85 percent of deaths for 
      those patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, 75 percent of 
      these deaths are due to ischemic heart disease. HYPOTHESIS: Is type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus a vascular disease (atheroscleropathy) with hyperglycemia a late 
      manifestation? The role of NOS, NO, and redox stress. TESTING OF THE HYPOTHESIS: 
      The vulnerable three arms of the eNOS reaction responsible for the generation of 
      eNO is discussed in relation to the hypothesis: (1) The L-arginine substrate. (2) 
      The eNOS enzyme. (3) The BH4 cofactor. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS: If we view 
      T2DM as a vascular disease initially with a later manifestation of hyperglycemia, 
      we may be able to better understand and modify the multiple toxicities associated 
      with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, overt T2DM, and 
      accelerated atherosclerosis (atheroscleropathy). The importance of endothelial 
      nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), 
      L-arginine, and redox stress are discussed in relation to endothelial cell 
      dysfunction and the development and progression of atheroscleropathy and T2DM. In 
      addition to the standard therapies to restore endothelial cell dysfunction and 
      stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, this article will discuss 
      the importance of folic acid (5MTHF) supplementation in this complex devastating 
      disease process. Atheroscleropathy and hyperglycemia could be early and late 
      manifestations, respectively, in the natural progressive history of T2DM.
FAU - Hayden, Melvin R
AU  - Hayden MR
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, PO 
      BOX 1140 Lk. Rd. 5-87, Camdenton, Missouri 65020, USA. mrh29@usmo.com
FAU - Tyagi, Suresh C
AU  - Tyagi SC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20030212
PL  - England
TA  - Cardiovasc Diabetol
JT  - Cardiovascular diabetology
JID - 101147637
PMC - PMC151667
EDAT- 2003/03/12 04:00
MHDA- 2003/03/12 04:01
PMCR- 2003/02/12
CRDT- 2003/03/12 04:00
PHST- 2002/11/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2003/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2003/03/12 04:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/03/12 04:01 [medline]
PHST- 2003/03/12 04:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2003/02/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1475-2840-2-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1475-2840-2-2 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2003 Feb 12;2:2. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-2-2.