PMID- 12661139
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030612
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0300-5577 (Print)
IS  - 0300-5577 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 1
DP  - 2003
TI  - Matrix metalloproteinase 3 in parturition, premature rupture of the membranes, 
      and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity.
PG  - 12-22
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent 
      endopeptidases that are expressed in many inflammatory conditions and contribute 
      to connective tissue breakdown. Stromelysin 1 [matrix metalloproteinase 3 
      (MMP-3)], a novel member of this family, is produced in the context of infection 
      and is able to activate the latent forms of other MMPs. The purpose of this study 
      was to determine if parturition (either term or preterm), premature rupture of 
      the membranes (PROM), and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity are 
      associated with changes in amniotic fluid concentrations of MMP-3. STUDY DESIGN: 
      A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included women who underwent 
      transabdominal amniocentesis (n = 365) in the following categories: (1) 
      mid-trimester with a subsequent normal pregnancy outcome (n = 84) and a 
      subsequent fetal loss (n = 10); (2) preterm labor with intact membranes without 
      microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity who delivered at term (n = 36), or 
      prematurely (n = 50), and preterm labor with microbial invasion of the amniotic 
      cavity (n = 25); (3) preterm PROM with (n = 25) and without (n = 26) microbial 
      invasion of the amniotic cavity; (4) term with intact membranes in the absence of 
      microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, in labor (n = 52) and not in labor (n 
      = 31); and (5) term with PROM in the absence of microbial invasion of the 
      amniotic cavity and not in labor (n = 26). MMP-3 concentrations in amniotic fluid 
      were measured by a sensitive and specific immunoassay that was validated for 
      amniotic fluid. MMP-3 concentrations were normalized using logarithmic 
      transformation for statistical analysis. Parametric statistics were used and a p 
      value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: (1) MMP-3 was 
      detected in 99.5% (363/365) of amniotic fluid samples, and its concentration did 
      not change with advancing gestational age. (2) Spontaneous parturition at term 
      and preterm was associated with a significant increase in amniotic fluid MMP-3 
      concentrations (p = 0.04 and p = 0.002, respectively). (3) Spontaneous rupture of 
      membranes in term and preterm gestations was not associated with significant 
      changes in amniotic fluid MMP-3 concentrations. (4) Intra-amniotic infection was 
      associated with a significant increase in amniotic fluid MMP-3 concentrations in 
      both women with preterm labor and intact membranes (p = 0.03), and women with 
      preterm PROM (p = 0.02). (5) Subsequent fetal loss after genetic amniocentesis 
      was not associated with significant changes in mid-trimester concentrations of 
      amniotic fluid MMP-3. CONCLUSIONS: (1) MMP-3 is a physiologic constituent of 
      amniotic fluid. (2) MMP-3 may play a role in the mechanisms of human parturition 
      and in the regulation of the host response to intrauterine infection.
FAU - Park, Kyo Hoon
AU  - Park KH
AD  - Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human 
      Development, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
FAU - Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn
AU  - Chaiworapongsa T
FAU - Kim, Yeon Mee
AU  - Kim YM
FAU - Espinoza, Jimmy
AU  - Espinoza J
FAU - Yoshimatsu, Jun
AU  - Yoshimatsu J
FAU - Edwin, Sam
AU  - Edwin S
FAU - Gomez, Ricardo
AU  - Gomez R
FAU - Yoon, Bo Hyun
AU  - Yoon BH
FAU - Romero, Roberto
AU  - Romero R
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Germany
TA  - J Perinat Med
JT  - Journal of perinatal medicine
JID - 0361031
RN  - EC 3.4.24.17 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 3)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amnion/*microbiology
MH  - Amniotic Fluid/*chemistry/*microbiology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/*enzymology/*microbiology
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - Humans
MH  - Maternal Age
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/*analysis
MH  - Obstetric Labor, Premature/enzymology
MH  - Parity
MH  - Parturition/physiology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Retrospective Studies
EDAT- 2003/03/29 05:00
MHDA- 2003/06/13 05:00
CRDT- 2003/03/29 05:00
PHST- 2003/03/29 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/06/13 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/03/29 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1515/JPM.2003.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Perinat Med. 2003;31(1):12-22. doi: 10.1515/JPM.2003.002.