PMID- 12675789
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20031006
LR  - 20191107
IS  - 0269-5022 (Print)
IS  - 0269-5022 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 2
DP  - 2003 Apr
TI  - Atopic manifestations, breast-feeding protection and the adverse effect of DDE.
PG  - 212-20
AB  - Despite the numerous studies on the possible protective effect of breast feeding 
      against the onset of atopic manifestations during childhood, this issue remains 
      controversial. As part of an environmental epidemiological study, we investigated 
      whether different blood concentrations of dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) 
      modified the protective effect of breast feeding against atopic manifestations in 
      338 children. DDE concentration, duration of breast feeding and manifestation of 
      atopic disorders were measured in 1994-95 at age 7-8 years. Information gathered 
      on asthma, atopic eczema and hay fever was based on questionnaire data. We 
      measured the total serum concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE 
      levels against inhalant allergens. In 1997, we also determined bronchial 
      hyper-reactivity with a hypertonic saline challenge test. To estimate odds ratios 
      from our cross-sectional analysis, we applied logistic regressions, controlling 
      for confounders. Breast feeding had a protective effect on the two asthma 
      variables (e.g.> 12 weeks breast feeding for doctor-diagnosed asthma, OR = 0.32 
      [95% CI 0.11, 0.87]; for 'ever' asthma, OR = 0.13 [95% CI 0.02, 0.68]), but not 
      on bronchial hyper-reactivity, hay fever, atopic eczema or the two IgE variables. 
      The protective effect became stronger in children with DDE blood levels below the 
      median of 0.29 micro g/L (e.g. doctor-diagnosed asthma,> 12 weeks breast feeding, 
      OR = 0.24 [95% CI 0.06, 0.95]). Also, for specific IgE against inhalant 
      allergens, the association gained statistical significance. For children with a 
      DDE concentration of 0.29 micro g/L and higher, breast feeding did not show a 
      significant protective effect. Our results suggest that contaminants such as DDE 
      may modify the protective effect and may have contributed to inconsistent 
      findings on the protective effect of breast feeding in previous studies. We 
      recommend determining levels of breast milk contaminants in children when 
      assessing the impact of breast feeding on atopic manifestations.
FAU - Karmaus, Wilfried
AU  - Karmaus W
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, 
      USA. karmaus@msu.edu
FAU - Davis, Susan
AU  - Davis S
FAU - Chen, Qin
AU  - Chen Q
FAU - Kuehr, Joachim
AU  - Kuehr J
FAU - Kruse, Hermann
AU  - Kruse H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol
JT  - Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
JID - 8709766
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
RN  - 4M7FS82U08 (Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Asthma/*chemically induced
MH  - *Breast Feeding
MH  - Child
MH  - Dermatitis, Atopic/*chemically induced
MH  - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/*adverse effects/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Insecticides/*adverse effects/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/*chemically induced
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
EDAT- 2003/04/05 05:00
MHDA- 2003/10/08 05:00
CRDT- 2003/04/05 05:00
PHST- 2003/04/05 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/10/08 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/04/05 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 488 [pii]
AID - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00488.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2003 Apr;17(2):212-20. doi: 
      10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00488.x.