PMID- 12676691
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030624
LR  - 20240322
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 4
DP  - 2003 Apr
TI  - Spatial and temporal analysis of the microbial community in slow sand filters 
      used for treating horticultural irrigation water.
PG  - 2116-25
AB  - An experimental slow sand filter (SSF) was constructed to study the spatial and 
      temporal structure of a bacterial community suppressive to an oomycete plant 
      pathogen, Phytophthora cryptogea. Passage of water through the mature sand column 
      resulted in complete removal of zoospores of the plant pathogen. To monitor 
      global changes in the microbial community, bacterial and fungal numbers were 
      estimated on selective media, direct viable counts of fungal spores were made, 
      and the ATP content was measured. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes and 
      denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to study the dynamics of 
      the bacterial community in detail. The top layer (1 cm) of the SSF column was 
      dominated by a variable and active microbial population, whereas the middle (50 
      cm) and bottom (80 cm) layers were dominated by less active and diverse bacterial 
      populations. The major changes in the microbial populations occurred during the 
      first week of filter operation, and these populations then remained to the end of 
      the study. Spatial and temporal nonlinear mapping of the DGGE bands provided a 
      useful visual representation of the similarities between SSF samples. According 
      to the DGGE profile, less than 2% of the dominating bands present in the SSF 
      column were represented in the culturable population. Sequence analysis of DGGE 
      bands from all depths of the SSF column indicated that a range of bacteria were 
      present, with 16S rRNA gene sequences similar to groups such as Bacillus 
      megaterium, Cytophaga, Desulfovibrio, Legionella, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, 
      Sphingomonas, and an uncharacterized environmental clone. This study describes 
      the characterization of the performance, and microbial composition, of SSFs used 
      for the treatment of water for use in the horticultural industry. Utilization of 
      naturally suppressive population of microorganisms either directly or by 
      manipulation of the environment in an SSF may provide a more reproducible control 
      method for the future.
FAU - Calvo-Bado, Leo A
AU  - Calvo-Bado LA
AD  - Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Horticulture Research International, 
      Wellesbourne, Warwickshire CV35 9EF, United Kingdom.
FAU - Pettitt, Tim R
AU  - Pettitt TR
FAU - Parsons, Nick
AU  - Parsons N
FAU - Petch, Geoff M
AU  - Petch GM
FAU - Morgan, J Alun W
AU  - Morgan JA
FAU - Whipps, John M
AU  - Whipps JM
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF536093
SI  - GENBANK/AF536094
SI  - GENBANK/AF536095
SI  - GENBANK/AF536096
SI  - GENBANK/AF536097
SI  - GENBANK/AF536098
SI  - GENBANK/AF536099
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - *Crops, Agricultural
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Electrophoresis/methods
MH  - Filtration/*instrumentation
MH  - Genes, rRNA
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phytophthora/growth & development/*isolation & purification
MH  - Plant Diseases/microbiology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Silicon Dioxide
MH  - Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification
MH  - Water Microbiology
MH  - Water Purification/*methods
PMC - PMC154832
EDAT- 2003/04/05 05:00
MHDA- 2003/06/25 05:00
PMCR- 2003/04/01
CRDT- 2003/04/05 05:00
PHST- 2003/04/05 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/06/25 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/04/05 05:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2003/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1948 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.69.4.2116-2125.2003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Apr;69(4):2116-25. doi: 
      10.1128/AEM.69.4.2116-2125.2003.