PMID- 12820749
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040308
LR  - 20190513
IS  - 0146-4760 (Print)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 4
DP  - 2003 May-Jun
TI  - Three fatal cases of PMA and PMMA poisoning in Denmark.
PG  - 253-6
AB  - Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) and paramethoxymetamphetamine (PMMA) are 
      methoxylated phenylethylamine derivatives with effects similar to 
      methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) and sold as such. However, PMA and PMMA are 
      more potent than MDMA, but have a slower onset of action, which encourages users 
      to take more. Three fatal cases involving PMA and PMMA in Denmark in year 2000 
      are investigated including history, pathological, and toxicological findings. The 
      methods used for extraction, identification, and quantitation of PMA and PMMA are 
      described. In two of the cases, lethal postmortem blood concentrations of PMA and 
      PMMA were determined at 3.4 and 3.3 mg/kg (case 1) and 0.78 and 0.68 mg/kg (case 
      3), respectively. In addition, other drugs such as MDMA, tetrahydrocannabinol, 
      cocaine, and alcohol were involved in these cases. In the third case, death 
      occurred four days after the ingestion of tablets containing PMA and PMMA, and 
      therefore only low postmortem concentrations of PMA and amphetamine were 
      detected. However, in a serum sample taken at admission to the hospital, PMA and 
      PMMA were found, but not quantitated. It is believed that the cause of death in 
      case 2, multiple-organ failure, was caused by overdoses of PMA and PMMA.
FAU - Johansen, Sys Stybe
AU  - Johansen SS
AD  - Institute of Forensic Medicine, Frederik V's vej 11, University of Copenhagen, 
      DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. Sys.Stybe@forensic.ku.dk
FAU - Hansen, A Carsten
AU  - Hansen AC
FAU - Muller, Irene Breum
AU  - Muller IB
FAU - Lundemose, Jytte Banner
AU  - Lundemose JB
FAU - Franzmann, Maria-B
AU  - Franzmann MB
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Anal Toxicol
JT  - Journal of analytical toxicology
JID - 7705085
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (paramethoxymethamphetamine)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - OVB8F8P39Q (4-methoxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamine/blood/*poisoning/urine
MH  - Amphetamines
MH  - Autopsy
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/blood/*poisoning/urine
MH  - Chromatography, Gas
MH  - Drug Overdose
MH  - Fatal Outcome
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/*analogs & derivatives/blood/*poisoning/urine
MH  - Poisoning/blood/urine
EDAT- 2003/06/25 05:00
MHDA- 2004/03/09 05:00
CRDT- 2003/06/25 05:00
PHST- 2003/06/25 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/03/09 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/06/25 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/jat/27.4.253 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anal Toxicol. 2003 May-Jun;27(4):253-6. doi: 10.1093/jat/27.4.253.