PMID- 12866706
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20031212
LR  - 20121115
IS  - 1542-9733 (Print)
IS  - 1542-9733 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 2
DP  - 2003 Apr
TI  - Developmental toxicity evaluation of sodium thioglycolate administered topically 
      to Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats and New Zealand White rabbits.
PG  - 144-61
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sodium thioglycolate, which has widespread occupational and consumer 
      exposure to women from cosmetics and hair-care products, was evaluated for 
      developmental toxicity by topical exposure during the embryonic and fetal periods 
      of pregnancy METHODS: Timed-mated Sprague-Dawley rats (25/group) and New Zealand 
      White (NZW) rabbits (24/group) were exposed to sodium thioglycolate in vehicle 
      (95% ethanol:distilled water, 1:1) by unoccluded topical application on 
      gestational days (GD) 6-19 (rats) or 6-29 (rabbits) for 6 hr/day, at 0, 50, 100, 
      or 200 mg/kg body weight/day (rats) and 0, 10, 15, 25, or 65 mg/kg/day (rabbits). 
      At termination (GD 20 rats; GD 30 rabbits), fetuses were examined for external, 
      visceral, and skeletal malformations and variations. RESULTS: In rats, maternal 
      topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate, at 200 mg/kg/day (the highest dose 
      tested) on GD 6-19, resulted in maternal toxicity, including reduced body weights 
      and weight gain, increased relative water consumption and one death. 
      Treatment-related increases in feed consumption and changes at the 
      applicationsite occurred at all doses, in the absence of increased body weights 
      or body weight change. Fetal body weights/litter were decreased at 200 mg/kg/day, 
      with no other embryo/fetal toxicity and no treatment-related teratogenicity in 
      any group. In rabbits, maternal topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate on GD 
      6-29 resulted in maternal dose-related toxicity at the dosing site in all groups; 
      no maternal systemic toxicity, embryo/fetal toxicity, or treatment-related 
      teratogenicity were observed in any group. CONCLUSIONS: A no observed adverse 
      effect level (NOAEL) was not identified for maternal toxicity in either species 
      with the dosages tested. The developmental toxicity NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/day 
      (rats) and > or = 65 mg/kg/day (rabbits; the highest dose tested). The clinical 
      relevance of theses study results is uncertain because no data were available for 
      levels, frequency, or duration of exposures in female workers or end users.
FAU - Tyl, R W
AU  - Tyl RW
AD  - RTI International, Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology, Research Triangle 
      Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA. rwt@rti.org
FAU - Price, C J
AU  - Price CJ
FAU - Marr, M C
AU  - Marr MC
FAU - Myers, C B
AU  - Myers CB
FAU - van Birgelen, A P J M
AU  - van Birgelen AP
FAU - Jahnke, G D
AU  - Jahnke GD
LA  - eng
GR  - N01-ES-65405/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol
JT  - Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology
JID - 101155115
RN  - 0 (Thioglycolates)
RN  - 7857H94KHM (2-mercaptoacetate)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
MH  - Administration, Topical
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Embryonic and Fetal Development/*drug effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - *Maternal Exposure
MH  - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Thioglycolates/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2003/07/18 05:00
MHDA- 2003/12/13 05:00
CRDT- 2003/07/18 05:00
PHST- 2003/07/18 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/12/13 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/07/18 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/bdrb.10001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2003 Apr;68(2):144-61. doi: 
      10.1002/bdrb.10001.