PMID- 12880846 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20030909 LR - 20231104 IS - 1053-8119 (Print) IS - 1095-9572 (Electronic) IS - 1053-8119 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 3 DP - 2003 Jul TI - Cognitive reserve modulates functional brain responses during memory tasks: a PET study in healthy young and elderly subjects. PG - 1215-27 AB - Cognitive reserve (CR) is the ability of an individual to cope with advancing brain pathology so that he remains free of symptomatology. Epidemiological evidence and in vivo neurometabolic data suggest that CR may be mediated through education or IQ. The goal of this study was to investigate CR-mediated differential brain activation in 17 healthy young adults and 19 healthy elders. Using nonquantitative H(2)(15)O PET scanning, we assessed relative regional cerebral blood flow while subjects performed a serial recognition memory task under two conditions: nonmemory control (NMC), in which one shape was presented in each study trial; and titrated demand (TD), in which study list length was adjusted so that each subject recognized shapes at approximately 75% accuracy. A factor score that summarized years of education and scores on two IQ indices was used as an index of CR. Voxel-wise, multiple regression analyses were performed with TD minus NMC difference PET counts as the dependent variable and the CR variable as the independent variable of interest. We identified brain regions where regression slopes were different from zero in each separate group, and also those where regression slopes differed between the two age groups. The slopes were significantly more positive in the young in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and cingulate, while the elderly had a significantly more positive slope in left cuneus. Brain regions where systematic relationships between CR and brain activation differ as a function of aging are loci where compensation for aging has occurred. They may mediate differential ability to cope with brain changes in aging. FAU - Scarmeas, Nikolaos AU - Scarmeas N AD - Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY 10032, USA. FAU - Zarahn, Eric AU - Zarahn E FAU - Anderson, Karen E AU - Anderson KE FAU - Hilton, John AU - Hilton J FAU - Flynn, Joseph AU - Flynn J FAU - Van Heertum, Ronald L AU - Van Heertum RL FAU - Sackeim, Harold A AU - Sackeim HA FAU - Stern, Yaakov AU - Stern Y LA - eng GR - M01 RR000645/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 AG014671-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States GR - RR 00645/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - AG 14671/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PL - United States TA - Neuroimage JT - NeuroImage JID - 9215515 RN - 0 (Oxygen Radioisotopes) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aging/*metabolism MH - Brain/*diagnostic imaging/*physiology MH - Cognition/*physiology MH - Female MH - Form Perception/physiology MH - Humans MH - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MH - Linear Models MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Memory/*physiology MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - Oxygen Radioisotopes MH - Reading MH - Tomography, Emission-Computed MH - Wechsler Scales PMC - PMC3026568 MID - NIHMS262611 EDAT- 2003/07/26 05:00 MHDA- 2003/09/10 05:00 PMCR- 2011/01/25 CRDT- 2003/07/26 05:00 PHST- 2003/07/26 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2003/09/10 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2003/07/26 05:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/01/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1053811903000740 [pii] AID - 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00074-0 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neuroimage. 2003 Jul;19(3):1215-27. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00074-0.