PMID- 12906398
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030826
LR  - 20161021
IS  - 1060-0558 (Print)
IS  - 1060-0558 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 4
DP  - 2003 Jul
TI  - The sedative and behavioral effects of nalbuphine in dogs.
PG  - 27-31
AB  - We compared the degree of sedation and frequency and intensity of adverse 
      behaviors in dogs associated with nalbuphine when combined with acepromazine or 
      xylazine compared with those of acepromazine or xylazine alone. Twenty-four dogs 
      (13 female, 11 male) undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration were 
      randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group NX received 0.5 mg/kg nalbuphine 
      and 0.5 mg/kg xylazine subcutaneously (s.c.). Group X received 0.5 mg/kg xylazine 
      s.c. Group NA received 0.5 mg/kg nalbuphine and 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine s.c. 
      Group A received 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine s.c. All dogs received 0.01 mg/kg 
      glycopyrrolate s.c. All doses were administered preoperatively. Preoperative 
      resting measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and 
      body weight were obtained. Sedation was scored both inside and outside a kennel 
      prior to drug administration and at 10, 20, and 30 min after drug administration. 
      Dogs were assessed for behavioral responses (leg withdrawal, shivering, rigidity, 
      orienting, panting, struggling, vocalization, wide-eyed facial expression, breath 
      holding, salivating, hiding, biting, or requiring a muzzle) during three time 
      periods: placing the dog on the table, clipping and prepping of forelimb, and 
      intravenous catheterization. Postoperative recovery behaviors were scored. 
      Expired halothane concentrations were recorded at 15, 30, and 45 min 
      postinduction. Significant differences occurred in the level of sedation at 30 
      min between dogs receiving nalbuphine and xylazine or xylazine only compared with 
      dogs receiving acepromazine. There was a significant difference in behavioral 
      scores with respect to leg withdrawal and orienting during clipping/prepping 
      between dogs receiving nalbuphine and xylazine compared with dogs receiving 
      xylazine. The combination of nalbuphine and xylazine is a useful premedicant 
      which provided greater sedation than acepromazine and reduced some anxiety 
      behaviors more than did xylazine alone. Nalbuphine is an inexpensive opioid and 
      currently is not a controlled substance in the U.S.
FAU - Lester, Patrick A
AU  - Lester PA
AD  - Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, 018 Animal Research Facility, University of 
      Michigan, 1301 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0614, USA.
FAU - Gaynor, James S
AU  - Gaynor JS
FAU - Hellyer, Peter W
AU  - Hellyer PW
FAU - Mama, Khursheed
AU  - Mama K
FAU - Wagner, Ann E
AU  - Wagner AE
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci
JT  - Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science
JID - 9204153
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives)
RN  - 2KFG9TP5V8 (Xylazine)
RN  - 54EJ303F0R (Acepromazine)
RN  - L2T84IQI2K (Nalbuphine)
RN  - V92SO9WP2I (Glycopyrrolate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acepromazine/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Conscious Sedation/*veterinary
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycopyrrolate/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Injections, Subcutaneous
MH  - Male
MH  - Nalbuphine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Preanesthetic Medication
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Surgery, Veterinary/methods
MH  - Xylazine/administration & dosage/pharmacology
EDAT- 2003/08/09 05:00
MHDA- 2003/08/27 05:00
CRDT- 2003/08/09 05:00
PHST- 2003/08/09 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/08/27 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/08/09 05:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 2003 Jul;42(4):27-31.