PMID- 12921993
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20031112
LR  - 20210119
IS  - 0168-1702 (Print)
IS  - 1872-7492 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-1702 (Linking)
VI  - 95
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Nucleolar-cytoplasmic shuttling of PRRSV nucleocapsid protein: a simple case of 
      molecular mimicry or the complex regulation by nuclear import, nucleolar 
      localization and nuclear export signal sequences.
PG  - 23-33
AB  - The order Nidovirales, which includes the arteriviruses and coronaviruses, 
      incorporate a cytoplasmic replication scheme; however, the nucleocapsid (N) 
      protein of several members of this group localizes to the nucleolus suggesting 
      that viral proteins influence nuclear processes during replication. The 
      relatively small, 123 amino acid, N protein of porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an arterivirus, presents an ideal model 
      system for investigating the properties and mechanism of N protein nucleolar 
      localization. The PRRSV N protein is found in both cytoplasmic and nucleolar 
      compartments during infection and after transfection of gene constructs that 
      express N-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion proteins. Experiments 
      using oligopeptides, truncated polypeptides and amino acid-substituted proteins 
      have identified several domains within PRRSV N protein that participate in 
      nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, including a cryptic nuclear localization signal 
      (NLS) called NLS-1, a functional NLS (NLS-2), a nucleolar localization sequence 
      (NoLS), as well as a possible nuclear export signal (NES). The purpose of this 
      paper is to review our current understanding of PRRSV N protein shuttling and 
      propose a shuttling scheme regulated by RNA binding and post-translational 
      modification.
FAU - Rowland, Raymond R R
AU  - Rowland RR
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, 
      Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. browland@vet.ksu.edu
FAU - Yoo, Dongwan
AU  - Yoo D
LA  - eng
GR  - R15GM61319-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Virus Res
JT  - Virus research
JID - 8410979
RN  - 0 (Nucleocapsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Protein Sorting Signals)
SB  - IM
MH  - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Nucleolus/metabolism
MH  - Cell Nucleus/*metabolism
MH  - Cytoplasm/*metabolism
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - *Molecular Mimicry
MH  - Nucleocapsid Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Sorting Signals
PMC - PMC7127199
EDAT- 2003/08/19 05:00
MHDA- 2003/11/13 05:00
PMCR- 2003/08/08
CRDT- 2003/08/19 05:00
PHST- 2003/08/19 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/11/13 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/08/19 05:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2003/08/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0168170203001618 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00161-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Virus Res. 2003 Sep;95(1-2):23-33. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00161-8.