PMID- 12937784
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040122
LR  - 20190605
IS  - 0100-879X (Print)
IS  - 0100-879X (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 9
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Insulin impairs the maturation of chondrocytes in vitro.
PG  - 1185-92
AB  - The precise nature of hormones and growth factors directly responsible for 
      cartilage maturation is still largely unclear. Since longitudinal bone growth 
      occurs through endochondral bone formation, excess or deficiency of most hormones 
      and growth factors strongly influences final adult height. The structure and 
      composition of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix have a critical role in 
      regulating the behavior of growth plate chondrocytes. Therefore, the maintenance 
      of the three-dimensional cell-matrix interaction is necessary to study the 
      influence of individual signaling molecules on chondrogenesis, cartilage 
      maturation and calcification. To investigate the effects of insulin on both 
      proliferation and induction of hypertrophy in chondrocytes in vitro we used 
      high-density micromass cultures of chick embryonic limb mesenchymal cells. 
      Culture medium was supplemented with 1% FCS + 60 ng/ml (0.01 microM) insulin and 
      cultures were harvested at regular time points for later analysis. Proliferating 
      cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity was widely detected in insulin-treated 
      cultures and persisted until day 21 and [ 3H]-thymidine uptake was highest on day 
      14. While apoptosis increased in control cultures as a function of culture time, 
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling 
      (TUNEL)-labeled cells were markedly reduced in the presence of insulin. Type II 
      collagen production, alkaline phosphatase activity and cell size were also lower 
      in insulin-treated cultures. Our results indicate that under the influence of 60 
      ng/ml insulin, chick chondrocytes maintain their proliferative potential but do 
      not become hypertrophic, suggesting that insulin can affect the regulation of 
      chondrocyte maturation and hypertrophy, possibly through an antiapoptotic effect.
FAU - Torres, E S
AU  - Torres ES
AD  - Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brasil. 
      eugenia@urbi.com.br
FAU - Andrade, C V
AU  - Andrade CV
FAU - Fonseca, E C
AU  - Fonseca EC
FAU - Mello, M A
AU  - Mello MA
FAU - Duarte, M E L
AU  - Duarte ME
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20030819
PL  - Brazil
TA  - Braz J Med Biol Res
JT  - Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de 
      pesquisas medicas e biologicas
JID - 8112917
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Cell Culture Techniques
MH  - Cell Differentiation/*drug effects
MH  - Cell Division/drug effects
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - Chondrocytes/*drug effects
MH  - Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
MH  - Extremities/embryology
MH  - Insulin/*pharmacology
MH  - Mesoderm/*cytology/drug effects
EDAT- 2003/08/26 05:00
MHDA- 2004/01/24 05:00
CRDT- 2003/08/26 05:00
PHST- 2003/08/26 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/01/24 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/08/26 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0100-879X2003000900007 [pii]
AID - 10.1590/s0100-879x2003000900007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003 Sep;36(9):1185-92. doi: 
      10.1590/s0100-879x2003000900007. Epub 2003 Aug 19.