PMID- 12941377
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20031219
LR  - 20190726
IS  - 0028-3908 (Print)
IS  - 0028-3908 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 5
DP  - 2003 Oct
TI  - Effects of intraocular injection of a low concentration of zinc on the rat 
      retina.
PG  - 637-48
AB  - The main aim of this study was to investigate whether intraocular injection of 
      low concentrations of zinc (no greater than 10 microM) aid the survival of 
      ganglion cells in the rat retina after excitotoxic (NMDA) and 
      ischemia/reperfusion injuries. We also determined whether low amounts of zinc 
      cause any detectable retinal toxicity. Intraocular injection of NMDA caused 
      substantial reductions in the mRNA levels of the ganglion cell-specific markers 
      Thy-1 and neurofilament light (NF-L). Co-injection of 0.1 or 1 nmol zinc neither 
      diminished nor exacerbated the effect of NMDA on the levels of these mRNAs. 
      Likewise, ischemia/reperfusion caused significant decreases in the levels of 
      Thy-1 and NF-L mRNAs and in the b-wave amplitude of the electroretinogram. These 
      effects were not counteracted by injection of zinc. Intraocular injection of NMDA 
      caused marked toxicological effects in retinal glial cells, including 
      upregulations of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase 
      (iNOS), glial fibrial acidic protein (GFAP), basic fibroblast growth factor 
      (FGF-2) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Interestingly, injection of 1 
      nmol zinc caused no changes in the levels of COX-2 and iNOS, yet produced 
      similar, although quantitatively less pronounced, changes in FGF-2, GFAP and 
      CNTF. The upregulations of FGF-2 and CNTF suggest that increasing zinc intake may 
      benefit injured retinal neurons. However, this was not found to be the case in 
      the present studies, perhaps due to the acute nature of the injury paradigms 
      utilised.
FAU - Nakamichi, N
AU  - Nakamichi N
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of 
      Natural Science and Technology, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, 
      Japan.
FAU - Chidlow, G
AU  - Chidlow G
FAU - Osborne, N N
AU  - Osborne NN
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Neuropharmacology
JT  - Neuropharmacology
JID - 0236217
RN  - 0 (Astringents)
RN  - 0 (Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists)
RN  - 0 (Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
RN  - 0 (Isoenzymes)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Thy-1 Antigens)
RN  - 103107-01-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 2)
RN  - 6384-92-5 (N-Methylaspartate)
RN  - 6LR8C1B66Q (Dizocilpine Maleate)
RN  - 7733-02-0 (Zinc Sulfate)
RN  - 9009-81-8 (Rhodopsin)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos1 protein, rat)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos2 protein, rat)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Astringents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Death
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
MH  - Cyclooxygenase 2
MH  - Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Electroretinography/instrumentation/methods
MH  - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity
MH  - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
MH  - Eye
MH  - Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Isoenzymes/genetics
MH  - N-Methylaspartate/toxicity
MH  - Neuroglia/drug effects
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics/immunology
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
MH  - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Reperfusion Injury/genetics/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Retina/cytology/*drug effects
MH  - Retinal Ganglion Cells/*drug effects
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Zinc Sulfate/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2003/08/28 05:00
MHDA- 2003/12/20 05:00
CRDT- 2003/08/28 05:00
PHST- 2003/08/28 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/12/20 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/08/28 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0028390803002065 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0028-3908(03)00206-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropharmacology. 2003 Oct;45(5):637-48. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3908(03)00206-5.