PMID- 12955618
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040401
LR  - 20191026
IS  - 0895-8378 (Print)
IS  - 0895-8378 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 11
DP  - 2003 Sep 15
TI  - Adaptation to stress induced by restraining rats and mice in nose-only inhalation 
      holders.
PG  - 1133-43
AB  - There are limited data on the efficacy of procedures for adapting rodents to 
      restraint in nose-only holders. We examined: (1) What effect does restraint in 
      nose-only holders have on heart rate and body temperature? (2) Does a gradual 
      increase in the duration of restraint facilitate adaptation? (3) How long does it 
      take for rodents to become fully adapted to nose-only holders? (4) Do rats and 
      mice respond and adapt similarly to restraint in nose only holders? Heart rate 
      and body temperature were monitored as measures of stress using 
      electrocardiograph (ECG) transmitters in male C57Bl/6J mice and Sprague-Dawley 
      rats. In naive animals during the first hour of restraint, heart rate increased 
      by 58 beats per minute (BPM) (18.6%) in rats and by 174 BPM (32.3%) in mice as 
      compared to cage controls. Temperature increased by 2 degrees C in mice and was 
      unchanged in rats compared to cage controls. Heart rate and temperature values 
      remained within normal physiologic values during restraint. In rats, the response 
      to restraint in nose-only holders was the same after 4 days regardless of whether 
      the duration of restraint was increased gradually to 4 h/day or kept constant at 
      4 h/day. In mice, the group that was gradually adapted had a statistically 
      significant higher heart rate and temperature after 4 days than the 
      fixed-duration adapted group. Rats and mice restrained for 4 h/day every day 
      showed a gradual decrease in heart rate and temperature over time. Full 
      adaptation to restraint required 14 days of fixed-duration daily restraint.
FAU - Narciso, Sandy P
AU  - Narciso SP
AD  - Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 
      Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA.
FAU - Nadziejko, Elizabeth
AU  - Nadziejko E
FAU - Chen, Lung Chi
AU  - Chen LC
FAU - Gordon, Terry
AU  - Gordon T
FAU - Nadziejko, Christine
AU  - Nadziejko C
LA  - eng
GR  - P30ES00260/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Inhal Toxicol
JT  - Inhalation toxicology
JID - 8910739
SB  - IM
MH  - *Adaptation, Psychological
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - Animal Experimentation
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Temperature
MH  - Electrocardiography
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Nose
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Restraint, Physical/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - *Stress, Psychological/psychology
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2003/09/05 05:00
MHDA- 2004/04/02 05:00
CRDT- 2003/09/05 05:00
PHST- 2003/09/05 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/04/02 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/09/05 05:00 [entrez]
AID - V1KUNWE7W9EL398A [pii]
AID - 10.1080/08958370390228592 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Inhal Toxicol. 2003 Sep 15;15(11):1133-43. doi: 10.1080/08958370390228592.