PMID- 12962979
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040727
LR  - 20190916
IS  - 0145-305X (Print)
IS  - 0145-305X (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Jan
TI  - Development and maturation of the immune system in zebrafish, Danio rerio: a gene 
      expression profiling, in situ hybridization and immunological study.
PG  - 9-28
AB  - The development and maturation of the immune system in zebrafish was investigated 
      using immune-related gene expression profiling by quantitative real-time 
      polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunoglobulin (Ig) 
      detection by immuno-affinity purification and Western blotting as well as 
      immersion immunization experiments. Ikaros expression was first detected at 1 day 
      post-fertilization (dpf) and thereafter increased gradually to more than two-fold 
      between 28 and 42dpf before decreasing to less than the initial 1dpf expression 
      level in adult fish (aged 105dpf). Recombination activating gene-1 (Rag-1) 
      expression levels increased rapidly (by 10-fold) between 3 and 17dpf, reaching a 
      maximum between 21 and 28dpf before decreasing gradually. However, in adult fish 
      aged 105dpf, the expression level of Rag-1 had dropped markedly, and was 
      equivalent to the expression level at 3dpf. T-cell receptor alpha constant region 
      and immunoglobulin light chain constant region (IgLC) isotype-1, 2 and 3 mRNAs 
      were detected at low levels by 3dpf and their expression levels increased 
      steadily to the adult range between 4 and 6 weeks post-fertilization (wpf). Using 
      tissue-section ISH, Rag-1 expression was detected in head kidney by 2wpf while 
      IgLC-1, 2 and 3 were detected in the head kidney and the thymus by 3wpf onwards. 
      Secreted Ig was only detectable using immuno-affinity purification and Western 
      blotting by 4wpf. Humoral response to T-independent antigen (formalin-killed 
      Aeromonas hydrophila) and T-dependent antigen (human gamma globulin) was observed 
      in zebrafish immunized at 4 and 6wpf, respectively, indicating that 
      immunocompetence was achieved. The findings reveal that the zebrafish immune 
      system is morphologically and functionally mature by 4-6wpf.
FAU - Lam, S H
AU  - Lam SH
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, The National University of Singapore, 10 Kent 
      Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore.
FAU - Chua, H L
AU  - Chua HL
FAU - Gong, Z
AU  - Gong Z
FAU - Lam, T J
AU  - Lam TJ
FAU - Sin, Y M
AU  - Sin YM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Dev Comp Immunol
JT  - Developmental and comparative immunology
JID - 7708205
RN  - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 128559-51-3 (RAG-1 protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibody Formation
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Differentiation
MH  - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Homeodomain Proteins/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Immunoglobulins/analysis/immunology
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Kidney/cytology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Messenger/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Thymus Gland/cytology
MH  - Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/*immunology
EDAT- 2003/09/10 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/28 05:00
CRDT- 2003/09/10 05:00
PHST- 2003/09/10 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/28 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/09/10 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0145305X03001034 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0145-305x(03)00103-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dev Comp Immunol. 2004 Jan;28(1):9-28. doi: 10.1016/s0145-305x(03)00103-4.