PMID- 12968687
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040129
LR  - 20170908
IS  - 0021-8812 (Print)
IS  - 0021-8812 (Linking)
VI  - 81
IP  - 9
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on viremia and performance in porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected nursery pigs.
PG  - 2139-44
AB  - The effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on performance, viremia, and ontogeny of 
      the humoral antibody response against porcine reproductive and respiratory 
      syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection was evaluated in weaned pigs. In three 
      replicates, 120 weaned pigs (25 +/- 1 d of age; 8.46 +/- 0.48 kg of BW) from a 
      PRRSV-naive herd were allotted randomly to one of eight pens (diets) in two 
      separate rooms (four pens/room), with each pen containing five pigs. Pigs began 
      one of four dietary treatments (as-fed basis) 1 wk before inoculation with PRRSV: 
      1) basal diet composed of corn, soybean meal, whey, and essential vitamins and 
      minerals; 2) basal diet plus carbadox (0.055 g/kg of diet; as-fed basis); 3) 
      basal diet plus Echinacea 2% (2% of the total diet); 4) basal diet plus Echinacea 
      4% (4% of the total diet). The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and 
      isolysinic. Echinacea purpurea was purchased in powder form and determined by 
      chemical analysis to contain 1.35% cichoric acid (as-fed basis). Seven days after 
      starting the diets, all pigs in one room were intranasally inoculated with PRRSV 
      isolate ATCC VR-2332 at a concentration of 10(4) tissue culture infectious 
      dose50/mL. To monitor the effects of Echinacea and PRRSV challenge, BW and blood 
      samples were obtained from all pigs at 7-d intervals. Serum samples were analyzed 
      for the presence of PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies. All challenged pigs 
      became infected with PRRSV, and all unchallenged pigs remained free of infection. 
      No differences (P > 0.10) in ADG, ADFI, or gain:feed (G:F) were observed in 
      PRRSV-challenged compared with unchallenged animals. For PRRSV-challenged animals 
      receiving diets supplemented with Echinacea at 2 or 4%, no differences (P > 0.10) 
      were observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F ratio. Among PRRSV-challenged pigs, dietary 
      Echinacea did not affect (P > 0.10) the rate or level of the ELISA-detectable 
      antibody response from d 7 to 42 or the level and duration of PRRSV in serum. For 
      PRRSV-unchallenged animals receiving diets supplemented with Echinacea at 2 or 
      4%, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed in ADG, ADFI, and G:F ratio. Under 
      the conditions of this study, dietary Echinacea did not enhance growth, exhibit 
      antiviral effects to PRRSV, or show any evidence of immune enhancing properties.
FAU - Hermann, J R
AU  - Hermann JR
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
FAU - Honeyman, M S
AU  - Honeyman MS
FAU - Zimmerman, J J
AU  - Zimmerman JJ
FAU - Thacker, B J
AU  - Thacker BJ
FAU - Holden, P J
AU  - Holden PJ
FAU - Chang, C C
AU  - Chang CC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Anim Sci
JT  - Journal of animal science
JID - 8003002
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Animal Feed
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis/blood
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Eating
MH  - *Echinacea
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage/immunology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Swine/*growth & development/immunology/virology
MH  - Viremia/immunology/prevention & control/*veterinary
EDAT- 2003/09/13 05:00
MHDA- 2004/01/30 05:00
CRDT- 2003/09/13 05:00
PHST- 2003/09/13 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/01/30 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/09/13 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.2527/2003.8192139x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anim Sci. 2003 Sep;81(9):2139-44. doi: 10.2527/2003.8192139x.