PMID- 12972064
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20031205
LR  - 20190922
IS  - 0892-0362 (Print)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 5
DP  - 2003 Sep-Oct
TI  - Prenatal 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) alters exploratory behavior, 
      reduces monoamine metabolism, and increases forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase fiber 
      density of juvenile rats.
PG  - 509-17
AB  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) use has risen among women of 
      childbearing age. Consequently, there is a substantial risk for fetal exposure 
      from women who are, or become pregnant while abusing MDMA. However, attempts to 
      demonstrate that prenatal MDMA results in neurochemical alterations in rat models 
      have failed. MDMA administration to neonatal rats (third trimester equivalent) 
      results in significant and persistent neurochemical and behavioral alterations, 
      yet human epidemiologic data suggest that the vast majority of prenatal exposure 
      is limited to the first trimester. The following study was conducted to reexamine 
      the potential for prenatal MDMA administration to produce lasting postnatal 
      neurochemical and behavioral alterations using a new rodent model. Pregnant rats 
      were administered twice-daily injections of MDMA (15 mg/kg sc) or saline from 
      embryonic days (E) 14-20. Prenatally exposed pups were examined on postnatal days 
      (P) 3 and 21. At P3, MDMA offspring showed reductions in the dopamine metabolite 
      homovanillic acid which persisted through P21, along with reductions in the 
      serotonin (5-HT) metabolite, 5-HIAA. Prenatally exposed MDMA animals at P21 also 
      had reduced dopamine and 5-HT turnover in the nucleus accumbens. Increases in 
      tyrosine hydroxylase fiber density were found in the frontal cortex, striatum and 
      nucleus accumbens of MDMA animals. In addition, prenatal MDMA significantly 
      increased locomotor activity of P21 pups in a 20-min novel cage environment. 
      These findings provide the first evidence of lasting neurochemical and behavioral 
      alterations following prenatal MDMA. Further investigation is warranted to 
      elucidate possible mechanisms of action and to monitor children gestationally 
      exposed to MDMA.
FAU - Koprich, James B
AU  - Koprich JB
AD  - Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Rush-Presbyterian-St. 
      Luke's Medical Center, 2242 West Harrison Street, Suite 265, Chicago, IL 60612, 
      USA.
FAU - Chen, Er-Yun
AU  - Chen EY
FAU - Kanaan, Nicholas M
AU  - Kanaan NM
FAU - Campbell, Nicholas G
AU  - Campbell NG
FAU - Kordower, Jeffrey H
AU  - Kordower JH
FAU - Lipton, Jack W
AU  - Lipton JW
LA  - eng
GR  - R01-DA12624/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurotoxicol Teratol
JT  - Neurotoxicology and teratology
JID - 8709538
RN  - 0 (Biogenic Monoamines)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 102-32-9 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - EC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase)
RN  - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
RN  - X77S6GMS36 (Homovanillic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism
MH  - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/*toxicity
MH  - Aging
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Behavior, Animal
MH  - Biogenic Monoamines/*metabolism
MH  - Body Constitution/physiology
MH  - Body Temperature/drug effects
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Brain Chemistry
MH  - Brain Stem/chemistry/drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Corpus Striatum/chemistry/drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Dopamine/metabolism
MH  - Exploratory Behavior/*drug effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/*toxicity
MH  - Homovanillic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/chemistry/drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
MH  - Prosencephalon/chemistry/*drug effects/enzymology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Sex Characteristics
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
EDAT- 2003/09/16 05:00
MHDA- 2003/12/06 05:00
CRDT- 2003/09/16 05:00
PHST- 2003/09/16 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/12/06 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/09/16 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0892036203000916 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0892-0362(03)00091-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2003 Sep-Oct;25(5):509-17. doi: 
      10.1016/s0892-0362(03)00091-6.