PMID- 14560960
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20031211
LR  - 20220225
IS  - 0070-217X (Print)
IS  - 0070-217X (Linking)
VI  - 279
DP  - 2004
TI  - Role of mTOR signalling in the control of translation initiation and elongation 
      by nutrients.
PG  - 215-44
AB  - Protein synthesis requires nutrients both as precursors (amino acids) and as a 
      source of energy, since this process consumes a high proportion of cellular 
      metabolic energy. Recent work has shown that both types of nutrients directly 
      influence the activities of components of the translational machinery in 
      mammalian cells. Amino acids positively regulate signalling through the mammalian 
      target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, although the degree of dependency on 
      external amino acids varies between cell types. mTOR signalling modulates several 
      key components involved in mRNA translation, in particular (via repressor 
      proteins) the cap-binding initiation factor eIF4E, the ribosomal protein S6 
      kinases, and elongation factor eEF2. The branched-chain amino acid leucine is the 
      most effective one in most cell types. It is currently unclear how mammalian 
      cells sense prevailing amino acid levels, although this may involve intracellular 
      amino acids. Cellular ATP levels can also influence mTOR activity. The activities 
      of some translation factors are modulated by mTOR-independent mechanisms. 
      Examples include the regulation of eEF2 by cellular energy levels, which may be 
      controlled via the AMP-activated protein kinase, and the activity of the guanine 
      nucleotide-exchange factor eIF2B, which is modulated by amino acids and metabolic 
      fuels.
FAU - Proud, C G
AU  - Proud CG
AD  - Division of Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, 
      MSI/WTB Complex, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK. c.g.proud@dundee.ac.uk
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
JT  - Current topics in microbiology and immunology
JID - 0110513
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Elongation Factor 2)
RN  - EC 2.7.- (Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acids/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cricetinae
MH  - Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B/physiology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Peptide Elongation Factor 2/physiology
MH  - Protein Biosynthesis/*physiology
MH  - Protein Kinases/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/physiology
MH  - Signal Transduction/physiology
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
RF  - 88
EDAT- 2003/10/17 05:00
MHDA- 2003/12/12 05:00
CRDT- 2003/10/17 05:00
PHST- 2003/10/17 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/12/12 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/10/17 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/978-3-642-18930-2_13 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2004;279:215-44. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-18930-2_13.