PMID- 14569043
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040720
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 1071-7323 (Print)
IS  - 1071-7323 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 10
DP  - 2003 Oct
TI  - Reduced expression of FOXC2 and brown adipogenic genes in human subjects with 
      insulin resistance.
PG  - 1182-91
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We investigated subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of FOXC2 and 
      selected genes involved in brown adipogenesis in adult human subjects in whom we 
      have previously identified a reduced potential of precursor cell commitment to 
      adipose-lineage differentiation in relation to insulin resistance. RESEARCH 
      METHODS AND PROCEDURE: Gene expression was studied using quantitative real time 
      polymerase chain reaction. The relation between the expression of brown 
      adipogenic genes and the genes involved in progenitor cell commitment, adipose 
      cell size, and insulin sensitivity in vivo was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression 
      of FOXC2, MASK, MAP3K5, retinoblastoma protein (pRb), peroxisome 
      proliferator-activated protein gamma (PPARgamma), and retinoid X receptor gamma 
      (RXRgamma) was decreased in the insulin-resistant compared with insulin-sensitive 
      subjects, whereas PPARgamma-2 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha 
      (C/EBPalpha) showed no differential expression. The FOXC2 expression correlated 
      with that of Notch and Wnt signaling genes, as well as of the genes studied 
      participating in brown adipogenesis, including MASK, MAP3K5, PPARgamma, pRb, 
      RXRgamma, and PGC-1. A second-level correlation between PPARgamma and UCP-1 was 
      also significant. In addition, the expression of MASK, MAP3K5, pRb, RXRgamma, and 
      PGC-1 inversely correlated with adipose cell mass and also correlated with the 
      glucose disposal rate in vivo. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that a reduced 
      brown adipose phenotype is associated with insulin resistance and that a basal 
      brown adipose phenotype may be important for maintaining normal insulin 
      sensitivity.
FAU - Yang, Xiaolin
AU  - Yang X
AD  - The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, 
      Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden.
FAU - Enerback, Sven
AU  - Enerback S
FAU - Smith, Ulf
AU  - Smith U
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Obes Res
JT  - Obesity research
JID - 9305691
RN  - 0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing)
RN  - 0 (CTNNB1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Dishevelled Proteins)
RN  - 0 (FZD1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Forkhead Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Frizzled Receptors)
RN  - 0 (Ion Channels)
RN  - 0 (Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Mitochondrial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (NOTCH1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Notch1)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Neurotransmitter)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (UCP1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Uncoupling Protein 1)
RN  - 0 (Wnt Proteins)
RN  - 0 (beta Catenin)
RN  - 0 (mesenchyme fork head 1 protein)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.26 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
MH  - Adipocytes/metabolism
MH  - Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Dishevelled Proteins
MH  - Forkhead Transcription Factors
MH  - Frizzled Receptors
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology
MH  - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*genetics
MH  - Ion Channels
MH  - Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1
MH  - Male
MH  - Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Mitochondrial Proteins
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
MH  - Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Receptor, Notch1
MH  - Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Neurotransmitter/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Uncoupling Protein 1
MH  - Wnt Proteins
MH  - beta Catenin
EDAT- 2003/10/22 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/21 05:00
CRDT- 2003/10/22 05:00
PHST- 2003/10/22 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/21 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/10/22 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1038/oby.2003.163 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Obes Res. 2003 Oct;11(10):1182-91. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.163.