PMID- 14599536
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040408
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0730-725X (Print)
IS  - 0730-725X (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 8
DP  - 2003 Oct
TI  - Generalized Kohonen's competitive learning algorithms for ophthalmological MR 
      image segmentation.
PG  - 863-70
AB  - Kohonen's self-organizing map is a two-layer feedforward competitive learning 
      network. It has been used as a competitive learning clustering algorithm. In this 
      paper, we generalize Kohonen's competitive learning (KCL) algorithm with fuzzy 
      and fuzzy-soft types called fuzzy KCL (FKCL) and fuzzy-soft KCL (FSKCL). These 
      generalized KCL algorithms fuse the competitive learning with soft competition 
      and fuzzy c-means (FCM) membership functions. We then apply these generalized 
      KCLs to MRI and MRA ophthalmological segmentations. These KCL-based MRI 
      segmentation techniques are useful in reducing medical image noise effects using 
      a learning mechanism. They may be particularly helpful in clinical diagnosis. Two 
      real cases with MR image data recommended by an ophthalmologist are examined. 
      First case is a patient with Retinoblastoma in her left eye, an inborn malignant 
      neoplasm of the retina frequently metastasis beyond the lacrimal cribrosa. The 
      second case is a patient with complete left side oculomotor palsy immediately 
      after a motor vehicle accident. Her brain MRI with MRA, skull routine, orbital 
      CT, and cerebral angiography did not reveal brainstem lesions, skull fractures, 
      or vascular anomalies. These generalized KCL algorithms were used in segmenting 
      the ophthalmological MRIs. KCL, FKCL and FSKCL comparisons are made. Overall, the 
      FSKCL algorithm is recommended for use in MR image segmentation as an aid to 
      small lesion diagnosis.
FAU - Lin, Karen Chia-Ren
AU  - Lin KC
AD  - Department of Management Information System, Nanya Institute of Technology, 
      Chung-Li, Taiwan.
FAU - Yang, Miin-Shen
AU  - Yang MS
FAU - Liu, Hsiu-Chih
AU  - Liu HC
FAU - Lirng, Jiing-Feng
AU  - Lirng JF
FAU - Wang, Pei-Ning
AU  - Wang PN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Magn Reson Imaging
JT  - Magnetic resonance imaging
JID - 8214883
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Eye Diseases/*diagnosis
MH  - Female
MH  - Fuzzy Logic
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neural Networks, Computer
EDAT- 2003/11/06 05:00
MHDA- 2004/04/09 05:00
CRDT- 2003/11/06 05:00
PHST- 2003/11/06 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/04/09 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/11/06 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0730725X03001851 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0730-725x(03)00185-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Magn Reson Imaging. 2003 Oct;21(8):863-70. doi: 10.1016/s0730-725x(03)00185-1.