PMID- 14667726
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040610
LR  - 20190901
IS  - 0269-7491 (Print)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 128
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2004
TI  - Investigating the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the 
      arctic: their atmospheric behaviour and interaction with the seasonal snow pack.
PG  - 163-75
AB  - POPs in the Arctic are the focus of international concern due to their occurrence 
      and accumulation in Arctic food webs. This paper presents an overview of the 
      major pathways into the Arctic and details contemporary studies that have focused 
      on the occurrence and transfer of POPs between the major Arctic compartments, 
      highlighting areas where there is a lack of quantitative information. The 
      behaviour of these chemicals in the Arctic atmosphere is scrutinised with respect 
      to long-term trends and seasonal behaviour. Subtle differences between the PCBs 
      and OC pesticides are demonstrated and related to sources outside of the Arctic 
      as well as environmental processes within the Arctic. Unlike temperate regions, 
      contaminant fate is strongly affected by the presence of snow and ice. A 
      description of the high Arctic snow pack is given and the physical 
      characteristics that determine chemical fate, namely the specific surface area of 
      snow and wind driven ventilation, are discussed. Using a well-characterised fresh 
      snow event observed at Alert (Canadian high Arctic) [Atmos. Environ. 36(2002) 
      2767] the flux of gamma-HCH out of the snow is predicted following snow ageing. 
      Under conditions of wind (10 m/s) it is estimated that approximately 75% of the 
      chemical may be re-emitted to the atmosphere within 24 h following snowfall, 
      compared with just approximately 5% under conditions of no wind. The implications 
      of this are raised and areas of further research suggested.
FAU - Halsall, Crispin J
AU  - Halsall CJ
AD  - Environmental Science Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK. 
      c.halsall@lancaster.ac.uk
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Arctic Regions
MH  - Atmosphere/chemistry
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*analysis
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - *Seasons
MH  - *Snow
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
MH  - Wind
EDAT- 2003/12/12 05:00
MHDA- 2004/06/21 10:00
CRDT- 2003/12/12 05:00
PHST- 2003/12/12 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/06/21 10:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/12/12 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0269749103003403 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.026 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2004;128(1-2):163-75. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.026.