PMID- 14672171
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040315
LR  - 20111117
IS  - 0022-0302 (Print)
IS  - 0022-0302 (Linking)
VI  - 86
IP  - 11
DP  - 2003 Nov
TI  - The housekeeping genes GAPDH and cyclophilin are regulated by metabolic state in 
      the liver of dairy cows.
PG  - 3423-9
AB  - Steady-state levels of mRNA are often used to infer treatment effects on the 
      levels of the corresponding protein. In addition, an internal standard RNA is 
      usually measured to document specificity of treatment and to correct for 
      intersample variation. Our objective was to evaluate whether 
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cyclophilin could be used as 
      internal standards when studying changes in hepatic gene expression in dairy 
      cows. Hepatic expression of GAPDH and cyclophilin was measured in 6 cows in late 
      pregnancy (28 d prepartum) and early lactation (10 d postpartum). Each gene 
      displayed 2- to 3-fold higher expression in early lactation than in late 
      pregnancy. Next, we determined whether negative energy balance alone or in 
      combination with exogenous growth hormone could mimic the effects of early 
      lactation. Late-lactating cows were fed 120% of predicted energy requirements or 
      33% of maintenance requirements. During each feeding period, cows were 
      administered excipient or bovine somatotropin in a single-reversal design with 
      4-d periods separated by a 2-d interval. Underfeeding increased hepatic 
      expression of GAPDH and cyclophilin by 1- to 2-fold, whereas bovine somatotropin 
      had no effect. Finally, the effects of insulin were studied by performing 
      hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in late pregnancy (28 d prepartum) and early 
      lactation (28 d postpartum). Hyperinsulinemia reduced GAPDH expression in both 
      states, and cyclophilin expression in early lactation. In conclusion, GAPDH and 
      cyclophilin are regulated in the liver of dairy cows and should not be used to 
      standardize hepatic gene expression in studies involving the transition period, 
      undernutrition, and sustained changes in plasma insulin.
FAU - Rhoads, R P
AU  - Rhoads RP
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
FAU - McManaman, C
AU  - McManaman C
FAU - Ingvartsen, K L
AU  - Ingvartsen KL
FAU - Boisclair, Y R
AU  - Boisclair YR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dairy Sci
JT  - Journal of dairy science
JID - 2985126R
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 9002-72-6 (Growth Hormone)
RN  - EC 1.2.1.- (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases)
RN  - EC 5.2.1.- (Cyclophilins)
SB  - IM
EIN - J Dairy Sci. 2004 Jan;87(1):248
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Cyclophilins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Energy Metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
MH  - Glucose Clamp Technique/veterinary
MH  - Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Growth Hormone/pharmacology
MH  - Insulin/blood/pharmacology
MH  - Lactation/metabolism
MH  - Liver/*enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Nutritional Status/physiology
MH  - Postpartum Period/metabolism/physiology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Random Allocation
EDAT- 2003/12/16 05:00
MHDA- 2004/03/17 05:00
CRDT- 2003/12/16 05:00
PHST- 2003/12/16 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/03/17 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/12/16 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0022-0302(03)73946-0 [pii]
AID - 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73946-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dairy Sci. 2003 Nov;86(11):3423-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73946-0.