PMID- 14672513
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040316
LR  - 20191108
IS  - 0048-7554 (Print)
IS  - 0048-7554 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 3
DP  - 2003 Jul-Sep
TI  - Copper hypersensitivity: dermatologic aspects--an overview.
PG  - 153-83
AB  - Reports of immune hypersensitivity reactions of both the immediate and the 
      delayed type following cutaneous or systemic exposure to copper are reviewed here 
      in an endeavor to draw a comprehensive profile of the immunogenic potential of 
      that metal and its compounds. The immunotoxic potential of the metal is also 
      briefly reviewed. In principle, as noted for other transition metals, the 
      electropositive copper ion is potentially immunogenic because of its ability to 
      diffuse through biological membranes, forming complexes when in contact with 
      tissue protein. Based on the results of the predictive guinea pig test and the 
      local lymph node assay (LLNA), copper has a low sensitization potential. Reports 
      of immune reactions to copper include immunologic contact urticaria (ICU), 
      allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), systemic allergic reactions (SAR) and contact 
      stomatitis (STO), but considering the widespread use of copper intrauterine 
      devices (IUDs) and the importance of copper in coinage, items of personal 
      adornment and industry, unambiguous reports of sensitization to the metal are 
      extremely rare, and even fewer are the cases that appear clinically relevant. 
      Most reports of immune reactions to copper describe systemic exposure as a 
      cause--predominantly to intrauterine devices and to prosthetic materials in 
      dentistry--implicitly excluding the induction of hypersensitivity from contact 
      with the skin as a risk factor.
FAU - Hostynek, Jurij J
AU  - Hostynek JJ
AD  - Euromerican Technology Resources, Inc., Lafayette, California 94549, USA. 
      jurijj@hotmail.com
FAU - Maibach, Howard I
AU  - Maibach HI
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Rev Environ Health
JT  - Reviews on environmental health
JID - 0425754
RN  - 789U1901C5 (Copper)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Assay
MH  - Copper/immunology/*poisoning
MH  - Dental Prosthesis/adverse effects
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology/immunology
MH  - Guinea Pigs
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intrauterine Devices/adverse effects
MH  - Lymph Nodes
MH  - *Occupational Exposure
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Stomatitis/chemically induced
MH  - Urticaria/chemically induced
RF  - 147
EDAT- 2003/12/16 05:00
MHDA- 2004/03/18 05:00
CRDT- 2003/12/16 05:00
PHST- 2003/12/16 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/03/18 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/12/16 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1515/reveh.2003.18.3.153 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rev Environ Health. 2003 Jul-Sep;18(3):153-83. doi: 10.1515/reveh.2003.18.3.153.