PMID- 14687689
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040701
LR  - 20190906
IS  - 0165-5876 (Print)
IS  - 0165-5876 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Jan
TI  - Surface electromyographic studies of swallowing in normal children, age 4-12 
      years.
PG  - 65-73
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Surface electromyographic (sEMG) studies were performed on 100 normal 
      children, age 4-12 years, to establish normative database for duration and 
      amplitude of muscle activity during swallowing and continuous drinking. STUDY 
      DESIGN: Prospective observational study of healthy volunteers. METHODS: 
      Parameters evaluated during swallowing include the timing and amplitude (in 
      microV) of activity of m. orbicularis oris, masseter, submental and infrahyoid 
      (laryngeal strap muscles (LSM)) groups covered by platisma. Four tests were 
      examined: voluntary single swallows of saliva ("dry" swallow), voluntary single 
      water swallows as normal, voluntary single swallows of excessive amount of water 
      (up to 15ml), continuous drinking of 50ml of water (duration and number of 
      swallows). Duration of muscle activity during swallowing (mean plus standard 
      deviation (S.D.)) was measured for two age groups: 4-8 and 9-12 years old. The 
      group of 40 adults, age 18-30 years, was taken as a control group. RESULTS: 
      Normative data for duration and amplitude of muscle activity during single 
      swallowing and continuous drinking are established for healthy children. The 
      duration of muscle activity during swallows and drinking in all tests showed 
      decrease with the age, and this tendency is statistically significant 
      (one-dimensional analysis of variance, SPSS, chi(2) criterion, 95% confidence 
      interval). There was no statistically significant difference in amplitude (range) 
      measurements between children and adults (P=0.05). There was no statistically 
      significant difference between male and female children duration of muscle 
      activity during single swallowing and continuous drinking in all age groups 
      (P>/=0.05). CONCLUSION: Surface EMG of swallowing is a simple and reliable 
      noninvasive method for screening evaluation of swallowing with low level of 
      discomfort of the examination. The normative timing of events data can be used 
      for evaluation of complaints and symptoms, as well as for comparison purposes in 
      pre- and postoperative stages and in electromyography (EMG) monitoring during ENT 
      or neurological treatment. These parameters represent normal deglutition, and can 
      be used to identify abnormalities in pediatric patients, and provide a basis for 
      comparison of swallowing performance, both within and between patients.
FAU - Vaiman, Michael
AU  - Vaiman M
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler 
      Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. shteren20@hotmail.com
FAU - Segal, Samuel
AU  - Segal S
FAU - Eviatar, Ephraim
AU  - Eviatar E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
JT  - International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology
JID - 8003603
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Chi-Square Distribution
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Deglutition/*physiology
MH  - Drinking/*physiology
MH  - Electromyography/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Laryngeal Muscles/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Sex Factors
EDAT- 2003/12/23 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/02 05:00
CRDT- 2003/12/23 05:00
PHST- 2003/12/23 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/02 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2003/12/23 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0165587603003409 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.09.014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Jan;68(1):65-73. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.09.014.