PMID- 14700537
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040304
LR  - 20190901
IS  - 0165-2427 (Print)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Linking)
VI  - 97
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2004 Jan
TI  - Expression of interleukin 4, interleukin 4 splice variants and interferon gamma 
      mRNA in calves experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica.
PG  - 53-63
AB  - Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is expected to play a dominant role in the development of T 
      helper (Th) 2 cells. Th2 immune responses with expression of relatively large 
      amounts of interleukin 4 (IL-4) but little interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) are 
      characteristic for chronic helminth infections. But no information is available 
      about IL4 expression during early Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) infections in 
      cattle. Therefore, we investigated F. hepatica specific IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA 
      expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from calves 
      experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Cells were collected prior to infection 
      and on post-inoculation days (PIDs) 10, 28 and 70. Interestingly, PBMCs responded 
      to stimulation with F. hepatica secretory-excretory products (FhSEP) already on 
      PID 10 and expressed high amounts of IL-4 but not of IFN-gamma mRNA suggesting 
      that F. hepatica induced a Th2 biased early immune response which was not 
      restricted to the site of infection. Later in infection IL-4 mRNA expression 
      decreased whereas IFN-gamma mRNA expression increased slightly. Isolated lymph 
      node cells (LNCs) stimulated with FhSEP and, even more importantly, 
      non-stimulated LN tissue samples indicated highly polarized Th2 type immune 
      responses in the draining (hepatic) lymph node, but not in the retropharyngeal 
      lymph node. During preliminary experiments, two splice variants of bovine IL-4 
      mRNA, boIL-4delta2 and boIL-4delta3, were detected. Since a human IL-4delta2 was 
      assumed to act as competitive inhibitor of IL-4, it was important to know whether 
      expression of these splice variants of bovine IL-4 have a regulatory function 
      during an immune response to infection with F. hepatica. Indeed, IL-4 splice 
      variants could be detected in a number of samples, but quantitative analysis did 
      not yield any clue to their function. Therefore, the significance of bovine IL-4 
      splice variants remains to be determined.
FAU - Waldvogel, A S
AU  - Waldvogel AS
AD  - Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Berne, Langgass-Strasse 122, 
      CH-3001 Berne, Switzerland. andreas.waldvogel@itpa.unibe.ch
FAU - Lepage, M-F
AU  - Lepage MF
FAU - Zakher, A
AU  - Zakher A
FAU - Reichel, M P
AU  - Reichel MP
FAU - Eicher, R
AU  - Eicher R
FAU - Heussler, V T
AU  - Heussler VT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol
JT  - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
JID - 8002006
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Helminth)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Helminth)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alternative Splicing/genetics/immunology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Helminth/blood
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cattle Diseases/immunology/*metabolism/*parasitology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
MH  - Fasciola hepatica/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Fascioliasis/immunology/metabolism/parasitology/*veterinary
MH  - Feces/parasitology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology
MH  - Interferon-gamma/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-4/*biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology/parasitology
MH  - Male
MH  - Parasite Egg Count/veterinary
MH  - RNA, Helminth/chemistry/genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
EDAT- 2004/01/01 05:00
MHDA- 2004/03/05 05:00
CRDT- 2004/01/01 05:00
PHST- 2004/01/01 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/03/05 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/01/01 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0165242703001843 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004 Jan;97(1-2):53-63. doi: 
      10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.002.