PMID- 14705015
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040803
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0006-3592 (Print)
IS  - 0006-3592 (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Jan 5
TI  - Analysis of size distribution and areal cell density of ammonia-oxidizing 
      bacterial microcolonies in relation to substrate microprofiles in biofilms.
PG  - 86-95
AB  - A fine-scale in situ spatial organization of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in 
      biofilms was investigated by combining molecular techniques (i.e., fluorescence 
      in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rDNA-cloning analysis) and microelectrode 
      measurements. Important parameters of AOB microcolonies such as size distribution 
      and areal cell density of the microcolonies were determined and correlated with 
      substrate microprofiles in the biofilms. In situ hybridization with a nested 16S 
      rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe set revealed two different populations of 
      AOB, Nitrosomonas europaea-lineage and Nitrosospira multiformis-lineage, 
      coexisting in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm. Nitrosospira formed looser 
      microcolonies, with an areal cell density of 0.51 cells microm(-2), which was 
      half of the cell density of Nitrosomonas (1.12 cells microm(-2)). It is 
      speculated that the formation of looser microcolonies facilitates substrate 
      diffusion into the microcolonies, which might be a survival strategy to low O(2) 
      and NH(4) (+) conditions in the biofilm. A long-term experiment (4-week 
      cultivation at different substrate C/N ratios) revealed that the size 
      distribution of AOB microcolonies was strongly affected by better substrate 
      supply due to shorter distance from the surface and the presence of organic 
      carbon. The microcolony size was relatively constant throughout the autotrophic 
      nitrifying biofilm, while the size increased by approximately 80% toward the 
      depth of the biofilm cultured at the substrate C/N = 1. A short-term ( 
      approximately 3 h) organic carbon addition experiment showed that the addition of 
      organic carbon created interspecies competition for O(2) between AOB and 
      heterotrophic bacteria, which dramatically decreased the in situ NH(4) (+)-uptake 
      activity of AOB in the surface of the biofilms. This result might explain the 
      spatial distribution of AOB microcolony size in the biofilms cultured at the 
      substrate C/N = 1. These experimental results suggest O(2) and organic carbon 
      were the main factors controlling the spatial organization and activity of AOB in 
      biofilms. These findings are significantly important to further improve 
      mathematical models used to describe how the slow-growing AOB develop their 
      niches in biofilms and how that configuration affects nitrification performance 
      in the biofilm.
CI  - Copyright 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Okabe, Satoshi
AU  - Okabe S
AD  - Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of 
      Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, 
      Japan. sokabe@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
FAU - Kindaichi, Tomonori
AU  - Kindaichi T
FAU - Ito, Tsukasa
AU  - Ito T
FAU - Satoh, Hisashi
AU  - Satoh H
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Biotechnol Bioeng
JT  - Biotechnology and bioengineering
JID - 7502021
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
RN  - 7664-41-7 (Ammonia)
RN  - N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
RN  - S88TT14065 (Oxygen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ammonia/*metabolism
MH  - Biofilms/*growth & development
MH  - Carbon/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Count/methods
MH  - Cell Division/physiology
MH  - Coculture Techniques
MH  - Nitrogen/*metabolism
MH  - Nitrosomonas/classification/*cytology/isolation & purification/*physiology
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Oxygen/*metabolism
MH  - Species Specificity
EDAT- 2004/01/06 05:00
MHDA- 2004/08/04 05:00
CRDT- 2004/01/06 05:00
PHST- 2004/01/06 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/08/04 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/01/06 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/bit.10864 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biotechnol Bioeng. 2004 Jan 5;85(1):86-95. doi: 10.1002/bit.10864.