PMID- 1471170
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19930125
LR  - 20190819
IS  - 0378-4274 (Print)
IS  - 0378-4274 (Linking)
VI  - 64-65 Spec No
DP  - 1992 Dec
TI  - Classification of chemicals as sensitisers based on new test methods.
PG  - 165-71
AB  - For the last decade, classification schemes worldwide have recognised that 
      certain chemicals may need to be categorised as skin or respiratory sensitisers. 
      Although differing in detail, the schemes use similar criteria for designating 
      materials as sensitisers, based on either direct evidence from exposed humans or 
      the results of predictive guinea pig tests. In the case of respiratory 
      sensitisation, however, there are currently no acceptable animal test methods. 
      With an increasing understanding of cellular immunology in general, and of immune 
      responses in skin and respiratory sensitisation in particular, several 
      laboratories have recently been developing more objective, immunologically-based 
      tests. For skin sensitisation, the two most promising methods are the murine 
      local lymph node assay (LLNA) and the mouse ear swelling test (MEST). Both assays 
      have undergone inter-laboratory validation and it has been shown that they are 
      able to detect reliably moderate to strong sensitisers. The 1992 update of the 
      OECD test guideline for skin sensitisation suggests the use of the LLNA or MEST 
      as a first stage of testing; if a positive result is seen in either assay, a 
      chemical may then be designated (and classified) as a potential sensitiser and it 
      may not be necessary to conduct a guinea pig test. However, if a negative result 
      is obtained, a guinea pig test must be performed. For respiratory sensitisation, 
      although certain guinea pig models of asthma appear to be predictive of the known 
      human response to sensitisers such as diisocyanates and acid anhydrides, the 
      measurement of changes in serum IgE antibodies in mice treated topically with 
      chemicals may represent a simpler and more accurate method of designating 
      chemicals as respiratory sensitisers.
FAU - Botham, P A
AU  - Botham PA
AD  - ICI Central Toxicology Laboratory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Toxicol Lett
JT  - Toxicology letters
JID - 7709027
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/*classification
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung/drug effects
MH  - Toxicology/*methods
RF  - 35
EDAT- 1992/12/01 00:00
MHDA- 1992/12/01 00:01
CRDT- 1992/12/01 00:00
PHST- 1992/12/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1992/12/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1992/12/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0378-4274(92)90186-N [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90186-n [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Lett. 1992 Dec;64-65 Spec No:165-71. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90186-n.