PMID- 14756753
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040319
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1467-2987 (Print)
IS  - 1467-2987 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Jan
TI  - Evaluation of intraperitoneal and incisional lidocaine or bupivacaine for 
      analgesia following ovariohysterectomy in the dog.
PG  - 46-52
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine if intraperitoneal (i.p.) and incisional (s.c.) lidocaine 
      or bupivacaine provide analgesia following ovariohysterectomy (OHE). STUDY 
      DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS: 
      Thirty dogs presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for elective OHE. 
      METHODS: Dogs were pre-medicated with acepromazine and butorphanol, induced with 
      thiopental and maintained with isoflurane. They were randomly assigned to three 
      groups: 10 received 8.8 mg kg(-1) 2% lidocaine with epinephrine i.p. (LID); 10 
      received 4.4 mg kg(-1) 0.75% bupivacaine i.p. (BUP); and 10 received 0.9% saline 
      i.p. (SAL) upon completion of OHE. All i.p. doses were standardized to 0.88 mL 
      kg(-1) with saline. An additional 2 mL of undiluted solution was placed s.c. 
      prior to incisional closure. Dogs were scored at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 18 hours 
      post-extubation by one observer. Dogs were evaluated using a visual analogue 
      scale (VAS) for pain and sedation, and a composite pain scale (CPS) that included 
      physiologic and behavioral variables. Dogs were treated with 0.22 mg kg(-1) 
      butorphanol + acepromazine if their VAS (pain) score was >50. Parametric 
      variables were analyzed using Student's t-test or repeated measures ANOVA as 
      appropriate. Non-parametric variables were analyzed by chi2-test. RESULTS: There 
      were no significant differences in age, weight, incision length, surgery time, 
      anesthesia time, or total thiopental dose among groups. Peak post-surgical pain 
      scores for all groups occurred at 0.5 hours and returned to baseline by 18 hours. 
      Dogs in the BUP group had significantly lower VAS-pain scores overall than dogs 
      in the SAL group. Seven out of 10 dogs in the SAL group, 4/10 in the LID group 
      and 2/10 in the BUP group were treated with supplemental acepromazine and 
      butorphanol. No differences between groups were detected with the CPS. No adverse 
      side-effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our findings 
      support the use of i.p. and s.c. bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia 
      following OHE in the dog.
FAU - Carpenter, Rachael E
AU  - Carpenter RE
AD  - Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College 
      of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA. recarpenter99@aol.com
FAU - Wilson, Deborah V
AU  - Wilson DV
FAU - Evans, A Thomas
AU  - Evans AT
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - Vet Anaesth Analg
JT  - Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
JID - 100956422
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics, Local)
RN  - 98PI200987 (Lidocaine)
RN  - Y8335394RO (Bupivacaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anesthetics, Local/*administration & dosage
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bupivacaine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dogs/*physiology/surgery
MH  - Female
MH  - Hysterectomy/*veterinary
MH  - Injections/veterinary
MH  - Injections, Intraperitoneal/veterinary
MH  - Lidocaine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Ovariectomy/veterinary
MH  - Pain Measurement/veterinary
MH  - Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control/*veterinary
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Single-Blind Method
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2004/02/06 05:00
MHDA- 2004/03/20 05:00
CRDT- 2004/02/06 05:00
PHST- 2004/02/06 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/03/20 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/02/06 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S1467-2987(16)30963-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00137.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Anaesth Analg. 2004 Jan;31(1):46-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00137.x.