PMID- 14967190
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040409
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 0020-7489 (Print)
IS  - 0020-7489 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 3
DP  - 2004 Mar
TI  - Examining the validity of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales: a replication 
      study.
PG  - 331-9
AB  - Risk assessment scales (RASs) intended to identify patients most at risk of 
      developing pressure ulcers have been widely used for many years. Numerous studies 
      have evaluated their predictive validity but potential bias has been inherent in 
      the design of all. To overcome these problems a simulation study was conducted in 
      which clinical nurses were asked to identify the degree of risk experienced by 
      four patients employing the three RASs discussed most frequently in the 
      literature (Norton, Braden and Waterlow Scores). These findings were compared 
      with nurses' clinical judgment rated on a visual analogue scale. The simulations 
      consisted of high-resolution photographs accompanied by case studies of the 
      patients. The nurses' scores were compared to estimates of risk generated by an 
      expert panel. Nurses' clinical judgment agreed much more closely with expert 
      opinion than any of the RASs. A replication study was undertaken to confirm these 
      findings. One hundred and fifteen nurses participated in replication. Again the 
      nurses' clinical judgment matched expert opinion much more closely than the 
      results of the RASs. Replication also drew attention to a number of 
      methodological issues which deserve consideration when using simulation to test 
      the effectiveness of clinical tools and the need to establish adequate measures 
      of external validity whenever use of this method is contemplated.
FAU - Gould, Dinah
AU  - Gould D
AD  - City University, London EC1 A7QN, UK. d.gould@city.ac.uk
FAU - Goldstone, Len
AU  - Goldstone L
FAU - Kelly, Daniel
AU  - Kelly D
FAU - Gammon, John
AU  - Gammon J
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Validation Study
PL  - England
TA  - Int J Nurs Stud
JT  - International journal of nursing studies
JID - 0400675
SB  - IM
MH  - Bias
MH  - Clinical Competence/*standards
MH  - Data Collection/standards
MH  - Humans
MH  - Judgment
MH  - Nursing Assessment/*methods/standards
MH  - Nursing Evaluation Research/methods/standards
MH  - Nursing Staff/*standards
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Pressure Ulcer/classification/*diagnosis/etiology/nursing
MH  - Research Design/standards
MH  - Research Personnel/standards
MH  - Risk Assessment/*methods/standards
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
EDAT- 2004/02/18 05:00
MHDA- 2004/04/10 05:00
CRDT- 2004/02/18 05:00
PHST- 2003/01/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2003/08/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2003/10/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2004/02/18 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/04/10 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/02/18 05:00 [entrez]
AID - S0020748903001706 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2003.10.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Nurs Stud. 2004 Mar;41(3):331-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2003.10.005.