PMID- 14967874
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040610
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1526-484X (Print)
IS  - 1526-484X (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 4
DP  - 2003 Dec
TI  - Eating patterns and meal frequency of elite Australian athletes.
PG  - 521-38
AB  - We undertook a dietary survey of 167 Australian Olympic team athletes (80 females 
      and 87 males) competing in endurance sports (n = 41), team sports (n = 31), 
      sprint- or skill-based sports (n = 67), and sports in which athletes are 
      weight-conscious (n = 28). Analysis of their 7-day food diaries provided mean 
      energy intakes, nutrient intakes, and eating patterns. Higher energy intakes 
      relative to body mass were reported by male athletes compared with females, and 
      by endurance athletes compared with other athletes. Endurance athletes reported 
      substantially higher intakes of carbohydrate (CHO) than other athletes, and were 
      among the athletes most likely to consume CHO during and after training sessions. 
      Athletes undertaking weight-conscious sports reported relatively low energy 
      intakes and were least likely to consume CHO during a training session or in the 
      first hour of recovery. On average, athletes reported eating on approximately 5 
      separate occasions each day, with a moderate relationship between the number of 
      daily eating occasions and total energy intake. Snacks, defined as food or drink 
      consumed between main meals, provided 23% of daily energy intake and were chosen 
      from sources higher in CHO and lower in fat and protein than foods chosen at 
      meals. The dietary behaviors of these elite athletes were generally consistent 
      with guidelines for sports nutrition, but intakes during and after training 
      sessions were often sub-optimal. Although it is of interest to study the 
      periodicity of fluid and food intake by athletes, it is difficult to compare 
      across studies due to a lack of standardized terminology.
FAU - Burke, Louise M
AU  - Burke LM
AD  - Department of Soprts Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen 2616, 
      Australia.
FAU - Slater, Gary
AU  - Slater G
FAU - Broad, Elizabeth M
AU  - Broad EM
FAU - Haukka, Jasmina
AU  - Haukka J
FAU - Modulon, Sofie
AU  - Modulon S
FAU - Hopkins, William G
AU  - Hopkins WG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
JT  - International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
JID - 100939812
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Australia
MH  - *Diet
MH  - Diet Records
MH  - *Diet Surveys
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage
MH  - Eating/*physiology/psychology
MH  - Energy Intake/*physiology
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Physical Education and Training
MH  - Sex Characteristics
EDAT- 2004/02/18 05:00
MHDA- 2004/06/21 10:00
CRDT- 2004/02/18 05:00
PHST- 2004/02/18 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/06/21 10:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/02/18 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1123/ijsnem.13.4.521 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Dec;13(4):521-38. doi: 
      10.1123/ijsnem.13.4.521.