PMID- 14979364
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040422
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0022-1198 (Print)
IS  - 0022-1198 (Linking)
VI  - 49
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Jan
TI  - Evaluation of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine concentrations 
      in human urine samples and a comparison of the specificity of DRI amphetamines 
      and Abuscreen online (KIMS) amphetamines screening immunoassays.
PG  - 160-4
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of two amphetamine class 
      screening reagents to exclude ephedrine (EPH), pseudoephedrine (PSEPH), and 
      phenylpropanolamine (PPA) from falsely producing positive immunoassay screening 
      results. The study also sought to characterize the prevalence and concentration 
      distributions of EPH, PSEPH, and PPA in samples that produced positive 
      amphetamine screening results. Approximately 27,400 randomly collected human 
      urine samples from Navy and Marine Corps members were simultaneously screened for 
      amphetamines using the DRI and Abuscreen online immunoassays at a cutoff 
      concentration of 500 ng/mL. All samples that screened positive were confirmed for 
      amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MTH), 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 
      3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), EPH, PSEPH, and PPA by gas 
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The DRI AMP immunoassay identified 
      1,104 presumptive amphetamine positive samples, of which only 1.99% confirmed 
      positive for the presence of AMP, MTH, MDA, or MDMA. In contrast, the online AMP 
      reagent identified 317 presumptive amphetamine positives with a confirmation rate 
      for AMP, MTH, MDA, or MDMA of 7.94%. The presence of EPH, PSEPH, or PPA was 
      confirmed in 833 of the 1,104 samples that failed to confirm positive for AMP, 
      MTH, MDA, or MDMA; all of the 833 samples contained PSEPH. When compared to the 
      entire screened sample set, PSEPH was present in approximately 3%, EPH in 0.9%, 
      and PPA in 0.8% of the samples. The results indicate that cross reactivities for 
      EPH, PSEPH, and PPA are greater than reported by the manufacturer of these 
      reagents. The distribution of concentrations indicates that very large 
      concentrations of EPH, PSEPH, and PPA are common.
FAU - Stout, Peter R
AU  - Stout PR
AD  - Aegis Sciences Corporation, 345 Hill Ave, Nashville, TN 37210, USA. 
      pstout@aegislabs.com
FAU - Klette, Kevin L
AU  - Klette KL
FAU - Horn, Carl K
AU  - Horn CK
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Forensic Sci
JT  - Journal of forensic sciences
JID - 0375370
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
RN  - 0 (Sympathomimetics)
RN  - 33RU150WUN (Phenylpropanolamine)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - GN83C131XS (Ephedrine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/urine
MH  - Amphetamines/urine
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/urine
MH  - Ephedrine/urine
MH  - False Positive Reactions
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Hallucinogens/urine
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoassay/*methods
MH  - Methamphetamine/urine
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/urine
MH  - *Online Systems
MH  - Phenylpropanolamine/urine
MH  - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
MH  - Sympathomimetics/urine
EDAT- 2004/02/26 05:00
MHDA- 2004/04/23 05:00
CRDT- 2004/02/26 05:00
PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/04/23 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Forensic Sci. 2004 Jan;49(1):160-4.