PMID- 14981209
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041007
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1071-7323 (Print)
IS  - 1071-7323 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 2
DP  - 2004 Feb
TI  - A novel pathway to the manifestations of metabolic syndrome.
PG  - 180-6
AB  - Pathways leading from obesity to the manifestations of metabolic syndrome involve 
      a number of metabolic risk factors, as well as adipokines, mediators of 
      inflammatory response, thrombogenic and thrombolytic parameters, and vascular 
      endothelial reactivity. Increased adipose tissue mass contributes to augmented 
      secretion of proinflammatory adipokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha 
      (TNF alpha), along with diminished secretion of the "protective" adiponectin. In 
      our view, TNF alpha and adiponectin are antagonistic in stimulating nuclear 
      transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation. Through this activation, 
      TNF alpha induces oxidative stress, which exacerbates pathological processes 
      leading to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and dyslipidemia, glucose 
      intolerance, insulin resistance, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and 
      atherogenesis. NF-kappa B activation further stimulates the formation of 
      additional inflammatory cytokines, along with adhesion molecules which promote 
      endothelial dysfunction. Elevated free fatty acid, glucose, and insulin levels 
      enhance this NF-kappa B activation and further downstream modulate specific 
      clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome.
FAU - Sonnenberg, Gabriele E
AU  - Sonnenberg GE
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical 
      Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. 
      gsonnen@mcw.edu
FAU - Krakower, Glenn R
AU  - Krakower GR
FAU - Kissebah, Ahmed H
AU  - Kissebah AH
LA  - eng
GR  - DK54026/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RR00058/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Obes Res
JT  - Obesity research
JID - 9305691
RN  - 0 (Adiponectin)
RN  - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adiponectin
MH  - Adipose Tissue/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/*etiology/metabolism
MH  - NF-kappa B/metabolism
MH  - Obesity/*complications/metabolism
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
MH  - Proteins/metabolism/physiology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/physiology
RF  - 100
EDAT- 2004/02/26 05:00
MHDA- 2004/10/08 09:00
CRDT- 2004/02/26 05:00
PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/10/08 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/02/26 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1038/oby.2004.24 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Obes Res. 2004 Feb;12(2):180-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.24.