PMID- 14992477
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040519
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 0963-9292 (Print)
IS  - 0963-9292 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2004 Feb-Mar
TI  - The use of integrated soil microcosms to assess the impact of carbendazim on soil 
      ecosystems.
PG  - 143-61
AB  - Our investigation used carbendazim as a representative pesticide for testing an 
      integrated soil microcosm (ISM) test protocol. Microcosms, set up in a 
      greenhouse, consisted of cylinders made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) 
      pipe, 7.5 cm (i.d.) x 15 cm high. A fine nylon mesh was placed across the bottom 
      of each microcosm for leachate collection. Field soil, (silty clay loam), 
      collected from Florsheim, Germany, was sieved through a 5 mm screen and mixed 
      thoroughly. Earthworms, enchytraeids, and microarthropods were added to each 
      microcosm. Each microcosm contained five wheat seedlings, and was maintained at a 
      12 h-12 h light-dark cycle. Artificial rainwater was used to water microcosms as 
      required. Soil microcosms were treated with carbendazim at concentrations 1, 3, 
      9, 27, and 81 times higher than the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) 
      of 0.76 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight. A water-only control treatment was also used. 
      The key soil processes used as endpoints were microbial activity, nitrogen 
      mineralization. soil enzymatic activity, ammonium and nitrate leaching, organic 
      matter decomposition and biological feeding activity. Key structural parameters 
      measured were microbial biomass, nematode communities, microarthropod populations 
      and diversity, enchytraeid and earthworm populations and plant growth. Pesticide 
      degradation, leaching and uptake into plants and earthworms were also assessed. 
      Carbendazim had significant effects on several key soil processes including soil 
      ammonium-N and nitrate-N concentrations and soil dehydrogenase activity. Wheat 
      growth, nematode and earthworm populations, and invertebrate feeding activity 
      were soil structural parameters affected significantly by carbendazim. Earthworm 
      biomass was the most sensitive parameter measured with an EC50 of 1.9 mg a.i./kg 
      soil dry weight 28 days after treatment. A comparison of these results with 
      results from single-species tests, small microcosms, large terrestrial model 
      ecosystems, and field tests indicated that the ISM protocol may adequately 
      predict environmental effects.
FAU - Burrows, Lisa A
AU  - Burrows LA
AD  - Soil Ecology Program, Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1735 
      Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
FAU - Edwards, Clive A
AU  - Edwards CA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Study
PL  - United States
TA  - Ecotoxicology
JT  - Ecotoxicology (London, England)
JID - 9885956
RN  - 0 (Benzimidazoles)
RN  - 0 (Carbamates)
RN  - 0 (Fungicides, Industrial)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - H75J14AA89 (carbendazim)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Arthropods
MH  - Benzimidazoles/*toxicity
MH  - Biomass
MH  - *Carbamates
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Fungicides, Industrial/*toxicity
MH  - Lethal Dose 50
MH  - *Models, Theoretical
MH  - *Nematoda
MH  - *Oligochaeta
MH  - Population Dynamics
MH  - Soil Microbiology
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*toxicity
EDAT- 2004/03/03 05:00
MHDA- 2004/05/20 05:00
CRDT- 2004/03/03 05:00
PHST- 2004/03/03 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/05/20 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/03/03 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1023/b:ectx.0000012411.14680.21 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ecotoxicology. 2004 Feb-Mar;13(1-2):143-61. doi: 
      10.1023/b:ectx.0000012411.14680.21.