PMID- 14998382
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040701
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 0905-6157 (Print)
IS  - 0905-6157 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Feb
TI  - Mode of delivery and development of atopic disease during the first 2 years of 
      life.
PG  - 48-54
AB  - It has been hypothesized that cesarean delivery might have an impact on the 
      development of atopic diseases because of its gut flora modulating properties. In 
      the present study, we analysed the association between cesarean delivery and 
      atopic diseases using data of 2500 infants enrolled in the LISA-Study, a German 
      prospective multicenter birth cohort study. Data on symptoms and 
      physician-diagnosed atopic diseases were gathered by questionnaires shortly after 
      birth and at infant's age 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. In addition, sensitization to 
      common food and inhalant allergens was assessed by measuring specific 
      immunoglobulin E (IgE) using the CAP-RAST FEIA method at the age of 2 yr. 
      Confounder-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 
      calculated by multiple logistic regression. We found a positive association 
      between cesarean delivery and occurrence of at least one episode of wheezing [aOR 
      1.31 (95% CI 1.02-1.68)] and of recurrent wheezing [1.41 (1.02-1.96)] during the 
      first 2 yr of life. Furthermore, effect estimates for allergic sensitization 
      defined as at least one specific IgE >/=0.70 kU/l against any allergen [1.48 
      (0.98-2.24)], against food allergens [1.64 (1.03-2.63)], and against inhalant 
      allergens [1.75 (0.98-3.12)] were increased. Symptoms of atopic dermatitis [1.21 
      (0.92-1.59)], physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis [1.04 (0.79-1.39)], and 
      symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis [1.40 (0.80-2.44)] were only marginally 
      increased in children delivered by cesarean section. In conclusion, our results 
      suggest that cesarean delivery may be an additional risk factor for wheezing and 
      allergic sensitization at least to food allergens up to the age of 2 yr. This 
      should be considered when cesarean section is done for other than medical 
      reasons.
FAU - Negele, Kathrin
AU  - Negele K
AD  - GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of 
      Epidemiology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
FAU - Heinrich, Joachim
AU  - Heinrich J
FAU - Borte, Michael
AU  - Borte M
FAU - von Berg, Andrea
AU  - von Berg A
FAU - Schaaf, Beate
AU  - Schaaf B
FAU - Lehmann, Irina
AU  - Lehmann I
FAU - Wichmann, H-Erich
AU  - Wichmann HE
FAU - Bolte, Gabriele
AU  - Bolte G
CN  - LISA Study Group
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Pediatr Allergy Immunol
JT  - Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society 
      of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
JID - 9106718
SB  - IM
MH  - Cesarean Section/*adverse effects
MH  - Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology/etiology/immunology
MH  - Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/etiology/immunology
MH  - Germany/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/*etiology/immunology
MH  - Immunity/immunology
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Respiratory Sounds/etiology/immunology
EDAT- 2004/03/05 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/02 05:00
CRDT- 2004/03/05 05:00
PHST- 2004/03/05 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/02 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/03/05 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 101 [pii]
AID - 10.1046/j.0905-6157.2003.00101.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004 Feb;15(1):48-54. doi: 
      10.1046/j.0905-6157.2003.00101.x.