PMID- 15029472
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20041122
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 0033-3158 (Print)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 173
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2004 May
TI  - MDMA ("ecstasy"), methamphetamine and their combination: long-term changes in 
      social interaction and neurochemistry in the rat.
PG  - 318-25
AB  - RATIONALE: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine (METH) 
      are illicit drugs that are increasingly used in combination. The acute and 
      long-term effects of MDMA/METH combinations are largely uncharacterised. 
      OBJECTIVES: The current study investigated the behavioural, thermal and 
      neurotoxic effects of MDMA and METH when given alone or in combined low doses. 
      METHODS: Male rats received four injections, one every 2 h, of vehicle, MDMA (2.5 
      or 5 mg/kg per injection), METH (2.5 or 5 mg/kg per injection) or combined 
      MDMA/METH (1.25+1.25 mg/kg per injection or 2+2 mg/kg per injection). Drugs were 
      given at an ambient temperature of 28 degrees C to simulate hot nightclub 
      conditions. Body temperature, locomotor activity and head-weaving were assessed 
      during acute drug administration while social interaction, anxiety-related 
      behavior on the emergence test and neurochemical parameters were assessed 4-7 
      weeks later. RESULTS: All treatments acutely increased locomotor activity, while 
      pronounced head-weaving was seen with both MDMA/METH treatments and the higher 
      dose METH treatment. Acute hyperthermia was greatest with the higher dose 
      MDMA/METH treatment and was also seen with MDMA but not METH treatment. Several 
      weeks after drug administration, both MDMA/METH groups, both METH groups and the 
      higher dose MDMA group showed decreased social interaction relative to controls, 
      while both MDMA/METH groups and the lower dose MDMA group showed increased 
      anxiety-like behaviour on the emergence test. MDMA treatment caused 5-HT and 
      5-HIAA depletion in several brain regions, while METH treatment reduced dopamine 
      in the prefrontal cortex. Combined MDMA/METH treatment caused 5-HT and 5-HIAA 
      depletion in several brain regions and a unique depletion of dopamine and DOPAC 
      in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MDMA and METH in 
      combination may have greater adverse acute effects (head-weaving, body 
      temperature) and long-term effects (decreased social interaction, increased 
      emergence anxiety, dopamine depletion) than equivalent doses of either drug 
      alone.
FAU - Clemens, Kelly J
AU  - Clemens KJ
AD  - School of Psychology, University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Van Nieuwenhuyzen, Petra S
AU  - Van Nieuwenhuyzen PS
FAU - Li, Kong M
AU  - Li KM
FAU - Cornish, Jennifer L
AU  - Cornish JL
FAU - Hunt, Glenn E
AU  - Hunt GE
FAU - McGregor, Iain S
AU  - McGregor IS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20040317
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - 0 (Dopamine Agents)
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Agents)
RN  - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 54-16-0 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anxiety/chemically induced
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Body Temperature/drug effects
MH  - Corpus Striatum/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Dopamine/*metabolism
MH  - Dopamine Agents/administration & dosage/toxicity
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Fever/chemically induced
MH  - Hot Temperature
MH  - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Serotonin/*metabolism
MH  - Serotonin Agents/administration & dosage/toxicity
MH  - *Social Behavior
EDAT- 2004/03/19 05:00
MHDA- 2004/12/16 09:00
CRDT- 2004/03/19 05:00
PHST- 2003/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2003/12/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2004/03/19 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/12/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/03/19 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-004-1786-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 May;173(3-4):318-25. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-004-1786-x. Epub 2004 Mar 17.