PMID- 15072637
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040519
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0161-6412 (Print)
IS  - 0161-6412 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 2
DP  - 2004 Mar
TI  - Adaptive and maladaptive motor axonal sprouting in aging and motoneuron disease.
PG  - 174-85
AB  - Motor unit (MU) enlargement by sprouting is an important compensatory mechanism 
      for loss of functional MUs during normal aging and neuromuscular disease. 
      Perisynaptic Schwann cells at neuromuscular junctions extend processes that 
      bridge between denervated and reinnervated endplates, and guide axonal sprouts to 
      reinnervate the denervated endplates. In a rat model of partial denervation, high 
      levels of daily neuromuscular activity have been shown to inhibit the outgrowth 
      of sprouts by preventing Schwann cell bridging. In this review, we consider (1) 
      the relative roles of increasing levels of oxidative stress and neuromuscular 
      activity to the destabilization of neuromuscular junctions with age and disease, 
      and (2) how a progressive increase in the neuromuscular activity of declining 
      numbers of functional MUs contributes to the progressive failure of adaptive 
      sprouting and, in turn, to the progressive muscle weakness in the motoneuron 
      diseases of post-polio syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We conclude 
      that there is a time-related progression of MU loss, adaptive sprouting followed 
      by maladaptive sprouting, and continuing recession of terminals during normal 
      aging. The progression is accelerated in motoneuron disease, progressing more 
      rapidly in the post-polio syndrome after prolonged denervation and extremely 
      rapidly in ALS.
FAU - Gordon, Tessa
AU  - Gordon T
AD  - Centre of Neuroscience, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty 
      of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 
      tessa.gordon@ualberta.ca
FAU - Hegedus, Janka
AU  - Hegedus J
FAU - Tam, Siu Lin
AU  - Tam SL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Neurol Res
JT  - Neurological research
JID - 7905298
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology
MH  - Aging/*physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Axons/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Motor Neuron Disease/*physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Oxidative Stress/physiology
RF  - 131
EDAT- 2004/04/10 05:00
MHDA- 2004/05/20 05:00
CRDT- 2004/04/10 05:00
PHST- 2004/04/10 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/05/20 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/04/10 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1179/016164104225013806 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurol Res. 2004 Mar;26(2):174-85. doi: 10.1179/016164104225013806.