PMID- 15176718
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040820
LR  - 20191108
IS  - 0803-5326 (Print)
IS  - 0803-5326 (Linking)
VI  - 93
IP  - 445
DP  - 2004 May
TI  - The genetic basis of immune and autoimmune responses.
PG  - 38-42
AB  - HLA class I and class II molecules play a major role in the presentation of 
      short, pathogen-derived peptides to T cells, a process that initiates the 
      adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. However, the factors governing a 
      cell's ability to respond or not to particular peptides are still not completely 
      understood. Taking the example of a viral infection, in tissues infected with a 
      virus, viral particles are taken up by antigen-presenting cells and uncoated. The 
      viral DNA or RNA enters the nucleus, where it replicates. mRNA enters the cytosol 
      and is transcribed into proteins. These proteins are degraded in proteasomes and 
      the resulting peptides (8-10 residues) are loaded onto class I molecules for 
      export to the surface of the cells. In the meantime, the groove of the class II 
      molecules is also preparing to accommodate peptides (12-24 residues) generated by 
      the endocytic protein-processing pathway. The surface of the infected cell then 
      becomes adorned with peptide-loaded human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. CD4+ 
      T helper lymphocytes engage class II molecules and elicit responses from B cells, 
      which will ultimately lead to antibody production, whereas CD8+ T lymphocytes 
      become cytotoxic T cells. As a consequence, the virus is eliminated from the 
      body. However, certain mysteries and challenges remain. How can, as an exception 
      to this rule, an autoimmune response be the escape from the perfect machinery? 
      This review offers some hypotheses on how to see the problem through to its 
      solution.
FAU - Bottazzo, G F
AU  - Bottazzo GF
AD  - Scientific Directorate, Autoimmunity and Immunogenetics Laboratories, Ospedale 
      Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy. 
      bottazzo@opbg.net
FAU - Locatelli, M
AU  - Locatelli M
FAU - Fierabracci, A
AU  - Fierabracci A
FAU - Fruci, D
AU  - Fruci D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Norway
TA  - Acta Paediatr Suppl
JT  - Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement
JID - 9315043
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Cross-Priming
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics/*immunology
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Self Tolerance
RF  - 12
EDAT- 2004/06/05 05:00
MHDA- 2004/08/21 05:00
CRDT- 2004/06/05 05:00
PHST- 2004/06/05 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/08/21 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/06/05 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb03054.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2004 May;93(445):38-42. doi: 
      10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb03054.x.