PMID- 15180069
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040823
LR  - 20190714
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 9
DP  - 2004 May 1
TI  - Characterization of diesel particles: effects of fuel reformulation, exhaust 
      aftertreatment, and engine operation on particle carbon composition and 
      volatility.
PG  - 2707-14
AB  - Diesel exhaust particles are the major constituent of urban carbonaceous aerosol 
      being linked to a large range of adverse environmental and health effects. In 
      this work, the effects of fuel reformulation, oxidation catalyst, engine type, 
      and engine operation parameters on diesel particle emission characteristics were 
      investigated. Particle emissions from an indirect injection (IDI) and a direct 
      injection (DI) engine car operating under steady-state conditions with a 
      reformulated low-sulfur, low-aromatic fuel and a standard-grade fuel were 
      analyzed. Organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon fractions of the particles were 
      quantified by a thermal-optical transmission analysis method and particle size 
      distributions measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The 
      particle volatility characteristics were studied with a configuration that 
      consisted of a thermal desorption unit and an SMPS. In addition, the volatility 
      of size-selected particles was determined with a tandem differential mobility 
      analyzer technique. The reformulated fuel was found to produce 10-40% less 
      particulate carbon mass compared to the standard fuel. On the basis of the carbon 
      analysis, the organic carbon contributed 27-61% to the carbon mass of the IDI 
      engine particle emissions, depending on the fuel and engine operation parameters. 
      The fuel reformulation reduced the particulate organic carbon emissions by 
      10-55%. In the particles of the DI engine, the organic carbon contributed 14-26% 
      to the total carbon emissions, the advanced engine technology, and the oxidation 
      catalyst, thus reducing the OC/EC ratio of particles considerably. A relatively 
      good consistency between the particulate organic fraction quantified with the 
      thermal optical method and the volatile fraction measured with the thermal 
      desorption unit and SMPS was found.
FAU - Alander, Timo J A
AU  - Alander TJ
AD  - Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 
      1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Timo.Olander@uku.fi
FAU - Leskinen, Ari P
AU  - Leskinen AP
FAU - Raunemaa, Taisto M
AU  - Raunemaa TM
FAU - Rantanen, Leena
AU  - Rantanen L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Gasoline)
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols
MH  - Engineering
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - *Gasoline
MH  - Optics and Photonics
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Temperature
MH  - *Vehicle Emissions
MH  - Volatilization
EDAT- 2004/06/08 05:00
MHDA- 2004/08/24 05:00
CRDT- 2004/06/08 05:00
PHST- 2004/06/08 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/08/24 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/06/08 05:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/es030129j [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2004 May 1;38(9):2707-14. doi: 10.1021/es030129j.