PMID- 15188490
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20040728
LR  - 20240323
IS  - 1007-9327 (Print)
IS  - 2219-2840 (Electronic)
IS  - 1007-9327 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 12
DP  - 2004 Jun 15
TI  - Hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcoholic liver injury.
PG  - 1699-708
AB  - Deficiencies in vitamins or other factors (B6, B12, folic acid, betaine) and 
      genetic disorders for the metabolism of the non-protein amino acid-homocysteine 
      (Hcy) lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy is an integral component of 
      several disorders including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, diabetes 
      and alcoholic liver disease. HHcy unleashes mediators of inflammation such as 
      NFkappaB, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, increases production of intracellular 
      superoxide anion causing oxidative stress and reducing intracellular level of 
      nitric oxide (NO), and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which can 
      explain many processes of Hcy-promoted cell injury such as apoptosis, fat 
      accumulation, and inflammation. Animal models have played an important role in 
      determining the biological effects of HHcy. ER stress may also be involved in 
      other liver diseases such as alpha (1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) deficiency and 
      hepatitis C and/or B virus infection. Future research should evaluate the 
      possible potentiative effects of alcohol and hepatic virus infection on ER 
      stress-induced liver injury, study potentially beneficial effects of lowering Hcy 
      and preventing ER stress in alcoholic humans, and examine polymorphism of Hcy 
      metabolizing enzymes as potential risk-factors for the development of HHcy and 
      liver disease.
FAU - Ji, Cheng
AU  - Ji C
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Liver Division, Keck School of Medicine, 
      University of Southern California, HMR-101, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 
      90033, USA. chengji@usc.edu
FAU - Kaplowitz, Neil
AU  - Kaplowitz N
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AA014428/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - World J Gastroenterol
JT  - World journal of gastroenterology
JID - 100883448
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperhomocysteinemia/*metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/*metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Oxidative Stress/physiology
PMC - PMC4572253
EDAT- 2004/06/10 05:00
MHDA- 2004/07/29 05:00
PMCR- 2004/06/15
CRDT- 2004/06/10 05:00
PHST- 2004/06/10 05:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/07/29 05:00 [medline]
PHST- 2004/06/10 05:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2004/06/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3748/wjg.v10.i12.1699 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jun 15;10(12):1699-708. doi: 
      10.3748/wjg.v10.i12.1699.